Constitution of the United States and Crime

personality of the joined States and abhorrenceIntroductionIn the fall in States, there ar m whatever punitory systems whereby small-arm some ho put ons the more or less dangerous poisonouss globally, another(prenominal)s ho uptake the criminals who do non pack a lot of security. The purpose of the punitory systems is using them in the detention of the criminals who adopt been convicted of the crimes that atomic number 18 against the tabulined rules in the decree. The main credit of the correctional facilities in thus to visit the wrongdoers as rise as rehabilitate them so that they mickle be in a adjust to live a fair play-abiding life once they are released binding to the society (McElreath, 2012). The professionals in these correctional facilities such as the parole officers, probation officers, jailers and the guards in the correctional facilities are supposed to be careful to repress violating the rights of any individual in the facilities while still en suring that they authorization the punishment. The professionals are evaluate to persist in the ethical standards in their execution of justice. In this paper, the parts of the establishment which are closely related to the ethics in the correction professionals provide be discussed and use of kind justice principles by the professionals to class a just society. In accession to this, the paper will in like manner address how the criminal theory is practically use by the correctional officers and triple loves that are plaqued by correctional professionals regularly and the centering to respond to them. corrections professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. Identify and justify which parts of the fundamental law of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of department of corrections professionals.In the United States, various outlined rules are supposed to be followed in the demesne of criminal justice, and they give the criminals their rights. One of the parts of the Constitution of the United States which is most relevant to the ethical standards of corrections professionals is the one which gives the criminals their rights. This outlines that the criminals should not be harmed in anyway disregarding of the crimes that they have exerciseted. The countries criminal system do not cause harm to them because they can be released from the prosecution and their case inform if the prosecution is done in their favor and no act of ungodliness is found. The officers in charge of the law enforcement in the country must invariably pick up that they execute justice in a way that the law is upheld in a constitutional and an ethical manner. The Department of Justice in the United States aims at the prevention and the resolving of the conflicts and the tensions that arise between communities as a military issue of discriminatory policies, actions, and practices by color, nationa lity, and race. All the law enforcement officers are thus expected to follow as come up as adapt the outlined rules and regulations at all times.How corrections professionals reassure that they uphold the ConstitutionOne of the slipway in which the correction professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution is finished ensuring that they do not inflict any injury to the inmates regardless of the crimes that they have committed. In case the inmates are assaulted, they are supposed to breed on the issue through writing for investigations to be carried out to punish the individual who assaulted them. The other way in which the correctional professionals should ensure that they uphold the Constitution is by ensuring equality among all the inmates irrespective of their race, color, the origin or the crime committed (Pollock, 2014). All the inmates should be treated similarly irrespective of whether they committed murder, petty crimes or even kidnapping. They should, however, avoid putting unitedly the inmates who committed murder and the ones convicted for shoplifting since it is dangerous for the two individuals involved. The other way in which the correctional professionals should ensure that they uphold the Constitution is by avoiding solidarity among them. This is iniquitous, and the correctional professionals should avoid this to avoid doing illegal thinks when together on the clock.Analyze the ship canal in which corrections professionals use the mixer justice principles of equality, solidarity, and benignant rights to build a more just society.One of the slipway in which the correctional professionals use the social justice principles of equality, human rights, and solidarity is by reporting anything that is illegal that is being done by other correctional professionals to each other or the inmates. Although the inmates are locked in, they should still be treated as human beings, and they deserve it. Since the inmates are in the custody of the state, they should be provided with food and nurture for protection purposes at the time they are incarcerated. The inmates should thus be interpreted care of, and their human rights should not be violated. The other way in which the correctional professionals use the social justice principles of equality, human rights and solidarity are through exercising their duties and responsibilities. These professionals are faced with ethical dilemmas on a sidereal day-to-day base of operations, they are involved in the community corrections, and they also carry out the evaluations on the restorative justice. In addition to this, umpteen programs are offered at the correctional institutions which include the rehabilitation programs for alcohol, management of anger and drugs and these are unremarkably created to help the mint who need these resources, but they cant access them while they are out of the jail.Why mess commit crimes and how corrections professionals use criminal theor y in their practiceThere are many theories which describe the reasons why people commit crimes. These theories are used by the practitioners in the correctional facilities in their day to day practices. One of the theories which explain why people commit crimes is the social square offing theory. This theory depicts that people usually jump the motivation to commit a crime and the skills that they require in the crime process as a run of the people that they interact with. The social learning theories speculate that young people learn the ways in which they are supposed to behave depending on the ways in which their elders responds to their violation or the compliance on the rules (Banks, 2013). The appropriate port is indicated in the society through rewarding the morally acceptable look and punishing or imposing penalties on the transgressions. With time, the transgression is usually associated with the sanction thereby producing the sanction even at times when there is no on e available to check on the sanctions. It is as a result of this process that the young people can learn how to control themselves by the legal and the moral codes.The other theory which explains why people commit the crime is the strain theory. According to this theory, many people in the society have aspirations that are similar, but the truth is that they have differing opportunities or the abilities to happen upon their aspirations. Whenever the people are not able to meet the expectations that the society have on them through the means that are approved such as the delayed gratification and hard work, they may end up difficult to achieve their desired success through engaging in criminal activities. The third theory which explains why people commit the crime is the social disorganization theory. This theory speculates that the social, as well as the physical surroundings of an individual, are primarily conscientious of the behavioral choices that the individuals make. For in stance, in the neighborhoods that have social structures that are fraying, the chances of having crimes are very high. Such a neighborhood is plausibly to have poor schools, high aim of unemployment, buildings that are vandalized and vacant and also the mixture of residential and commercial properties. It is thus as a result of the physical and the social environment that the people are brought up that can contribute to the behavioral practices that individuals adopt as they grow such as committing the crime. The correctional professionals use the criminal theories in their practice to come up with the shell solutions that will assist in reducing the types as well as the levels of crime in the society (Akers, 2013).Three main issues that face corrections professionals on a regular basis and address the best responses to these issues.One of the main issues that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is the inmates behavior. This is one of the contends th at the correction professionals experience in their day to day tasks, and in some ways, they have the least control all over the issue while in others, they have a high level of control. It is clear that most of the inmates are more willing to take instructions, litigious and also to a great extent willing to argue. The cases of the verbal confrontations between the correctional officers and the professionals are very high, and in the current days, they usually develop into physical incidences, and it has become a norm. The best way in which the corrections professional can respond to this issue is by learning on how to deal with the inmates both verbally and physically than before. In this, the officers should learn the ways of deflecting, re counseling and getting back on the right track afterward an argument without necessarily getting angry and losing their control. They should learn to know when the use of words fails so that they can take the necessary action to ensure cont rol of the inmates without affecting their rights. They should thus get to realize that they have an bearing standard on how they take care of the inmates.The second main issue that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is the negative media attention. Commonly, the members of the public i.e. readers complain that the media only covers negative news near the corrections. The readers are right because the media always concentrates on the negative stories on the corrections without generating any of the irrefutable stories (Siegel, 2017). The best response to address this issue is focusing on the positive which can be achieved through an administrative termination focusing on pushing out the positive content. Every quick-wittedness should have public relations which aim at getting the positive stories out such as officers protecting the inmates from harm, food drive, and collections made by officers as presents to the kids during Christmas among others. The third issue that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is inadequate training among the midlevel supervisors. This is a challenge because most of the frontline supervisors who are required to evaluate the incidents where force should be used do not have the required knowledge and skills to do it in the right manner. This results in the situation whereby the officers can get away with their unlawful behaviors and thus ineffectiveness of the correctional system. In addition to this, the reports are not written in the right way, and the reviews are merely done, and when done they are poor. The best response to address this issue is ensuring that the correctional professionals are well trained such that they are well all rounded on all the roles and responsibilities that they are supposed to play in the organization. In addition to this, the state should secure enough funds for the training of the supervisors and other stave working in the correctional fa cilities.In conclusion, the correction professionals should ensure that they uphold and achieve the goal of the correctional facilities which is the punishing of the wrongdoers and rehabilitating them. They should be careful to avoid violation of the rights of the inmates and still uphold the punishment required. In addition to this, they should ensure that they uphold social justice, equality, humanity and also ethicality in their process of implementation justice.ReferencesAkers, R. (2013). Criminological Theories Introduction and Evaluation. Hoboken Taylor and Francis.Banks, C. (2013). Criminal justice ethics theory and practice. thousand Oaks SAGE Publications.McElreath, D. (2012). Introduction to corrections. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press.Pollock, J. (2014). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice. Belmont, Calif Wadsworth Cengage Learning.Siegel, L. (2017). Corrections today. Belmont, Calif Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor

Energy Efficient Operation of tether Phase conclusion MotorEnergy Efficient Operation of 3 Phase Induction Motor Using DEL one Converter for Machine Tools short- deepenDELSTAR convertor is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR DELTA shabu for machine tools. Induction aim consumes more office while it is commandd at DELTA mode for a long cartridge holder under no hitch check off. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated enigma. When the turn on on the aim is less(prenominal) than 40% of full blame, it switches the locomote to operate in STAR mode to save nothing. When the shoot down increases beyond 40%, it machine rifleally switches the get to operate in DELTA mode. The boosterting signal regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where cut multifariousnesss be not too fast (not more than 120 measure/hour). This can be employ with any capacity take by choosing appropriate curr ent transformers (C.Ts) and setting the current level exploitation the peck create in.Keywords DELSTAR converter, machine tools, vigor saving, current transformersIntroductionLathes allow for carry through as many operations like face, turn, neck, taper, drill, bore, spin, file, polish, hone, buff, knurl, cut internal and impertinent threads and cut off work. Relatively hard materials ar handled by a metal lathe. For repetitive production of parts, turret lathes and capstan lathes atomic number 18 utilize. Induction force of several HP is coupled with turret lathe and CNC machines too.Induction beat backs constitute utmoster currents during their boosterting operations than is the case under full cut running conditions. In the early days Direct-on-Line acquit been used. The short succession inrush currents, greatly exceeds the jump currents. Complex starting regularitys to crop beginning currents is compromised by other inrush currents 1, 4.Induction labors a re started normally with accost on line, but when large repulses are started with D.O.L. grouch, due to starting muckle current, the append line potency is disturbed. To limit the starting surge current, lessen voltage is habituated to gun trigger motors at start and then have full supply voltage when they run up to near rated speed. comparison between the different starting methods of instauration motor in hurt of power quality is to figure out the reliable starting method which has the less power quality problems 5. Efficient torque/current characteristics are provided by STAR-DELTA, industries prefer STAR-DELTA starters for their application. The large amounts of losses which occur at low speeds determine the users given by the wound rotor only for starting. The losses specific to the additional rotor resistor are quite precedentized 3 while analyzing the performance of the induction motor.Industries will operate three anatomy induction motors at delta society mode since machine runs real expeditiously when the machine under amply despatched condition. When the motor is plastered less than 40% of the full load, it runs under inefficient energy zone. So, the induction motor will consume more power from the supply side during partially loaded condition. In order to compensate the power consumption, the motor load is virtually added by connecting stator winding from delta mode to star mode. If the load on the motor is increased above 40% of full load current, winding connection automatically changes from star to delta for efficient operation. attend 1 Block plat of proposed system formation AnalysisExisting SystemMotor draws more current than the full load at the magazine of starting, resulting in burnout of motor winding and / or starter. When DOL starter is used, because of high starting current, there is a big voltage dip in the electrical installation and therefore DOL starter is not fitting for higher rating squirrel cage induction motors. Significant energy wastage results reduce motor life. The system which exists is starting current reduction and the starters at the clip of start of motor is star-delta starter. The STAR-DELTA starter is used at the time of starting only, not under running condition. The starter may be operated semi-automatically or fully-automatically. The semi-automatic operation is done by the push button switch. Fully-automatic starter is built with the timer which is used to change the STAR to DELTA connection after about predefined time. The both types of STAR-DELTA starter changes the winding connection from STAR to DELTA, and it is not workable to change the winding connection from the DELTA to STAR during running of induction motor. This problem is overcome by employing proposed starter with induction motor which changes the winding connection during both starting and running condition. 2.2 Explored TechnologyThe proposed converter (refer figure 1) is to change the winding conn ection from STAR to DELTA and immorality versa at the running condition of the induction motor. The switching process is done according to the load conversion of the motor at particular instant. The construction of the converter is to a fault interchangeable to the starter with the small modification in the circuit. It is an automatic converter and the automatic process is made by the micro ascendency. In the ancient system, there is no microcontroller available. Any one of the phase is taken for the current sensing using current demodulator. The sensor circuit continuously senses the load variation in the motor and the output is produced according to the variation of load. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of the full load rated current, the controller activates the STAR connected contactors, so that the motor can run at STAR connection. When the load on the motor is above 40% of full load rated current, the controller activates the DELTA connected contactors, so tha t the motor can run at DELTA connection. The converter accurately operates for the pre-setting value of the current sensor. If the motor load current reaches to 41% of the full load rated current the converter switches the motor from STAR to DELTA. And, if the motor load current comes 39% of the full load current, the converter switches the motor from DELTA to STAR. The converter can sense the current continuously so that the losses are reduced by maximum amount. Moreover, the converter can also be used as the starter.System SpecificationHardware wholes are split into many sub unit of measurements and each unit requires power supply to energize the circuit. go steady 2 Power supply circuit for passs and microcontroller+12V SPDT communicate and +5V SPDT relay were used here. So that relay requires +12V supply and +5V also for microcontroller unit. The LM7812 and LM7805 are the voltage regulators which is used to regulate the output voltage of the bridge rectifier in material body 2. Then the output is again filtered with the capacitor. +24V power supply is used to energize the sensor unit. The current is sensed with the help current transformer with pilot burner unit to adjust the current setting. This circuit is intentional with the help of LM317k voltage regulator in figure 3.Figure 3 rophy diagram for sensor unit motorAbove the preset value, the transistor operates and relay gets energized so that microcontroller switches the operation into DELTA mode. Microcontroller switches the operation into DELTA mode. The conversion process takes minimal time in milli seconds and give accurate change over from STAR to DELTA and vice versa.ULN2003 is a driver which drive the signal stimulant from current sensor to the microcontroller and also the STAR and DELTA contactor. The analog output from the microcontroller is not suitable to operate the +12V relay. So the analog output of the microcontroller is changed from the +5V to +12V with the help of driver unit ( refer Figure 4).The microcontroller is to control the switching of STAR or DELTA relay while the motor is under the running condition. When the load is current is below the predefined value, the controller will energize the STAR contactor and if the controller input is high, it will activate the DELTA contactor. The input and output are enabled in the same port of the microcontroller. The pin 2 is enabled for STAR and the pin 3 is enabled for DELTA. The mode of operation is screeninged in the liquidness Crystal Display. XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output respectively of an inverting amplifier which is used as a crystal oscillator in the frequency range of 1.2 MHz to 12 MHz. The RESET circuit is connected with the microcontroller in pin 9 (refer Figure 5).Figure 4 ULN2003 driver circuitFigure 5 Circuit diagram of controller unitThe output of the relay driver is given to the relay coil for energizing. The output of the relay driver unit is either 0V or 5V. The relay is connect ed in 15th pin of the driver IC. So, whenever the output of the relay is +5V then the star contactors will be activated. The delta unit is also used to connect the motor with the converter part.Figure 6 Circuit diagram of star contactorThe output of the delta relay driver unit is either 0V or 5V. So, whenever the output of the relay is +5V then the delta contactor will be activated.Figure 7 Circuit diagram of delta contactorWith the help of the above arrangements, the contactors change the winding connection from STAR to DELTA and DELTA to STAR simultaneously while the motor is under running condition. The LCD display unit will display the motor running condition and also the load current. LEDs are used to indicate the status of the relays.Experimental ResultsThe converter is tested with 5HP squirrel cage induction motor by conducting simple brake test in laboratory. The power factor is fairly dear(p) in delta mode compare to the star for the same current values of the motor. The p erformance of the induction motor is good in delta connection but only when the motor is under fully loaded condition. Under no load or partially loaded condition, the motor operated in inefficient zone since machine consumes more energy than star mode.The table given below proves that the converter can purify the efficiency of the motor at the same time it can reduce the energy consumed by the motor significantly.TABLE IEnergy obstetrical delivery Data For A 5 HP MotorLoad on-line(prenominal) in Amps.Power FactorOutput Power in Watts quintet AmpsDeltaStarDeltaStarDeltaStarDeltaStar3.70.80.170.2336712821405324.40.950.150.2447616530256414.710.150.3454523331776734.81.40.280.65866606296188752.10.430.801240986292212315.52.70.530.8517411493329817356.350.710.862691255936612918The tests conducted on a 5 HP motor with a full load current of 7.9 amps, the energy savings on no load is 65.3%, reduction in operating current is upto 79.4%, reduction in demand 78.8% and improvement in power fa ctor 60%.Figure 8 Characteristics of Motor (Star Delta)Discussions And Future DevelopmentsThis work concluded that the star delta converter is very useful for all the kind of three phase induction motors from smaller rating to the larger rating, the converter can be designed accordingly. In the present days, the starters only used and it has low sensitivity. If the automatic star delta star converter is replaces the starter, the performance and life time of the motors will be increased. Since the converter can be operatable at the running time of the motor it reduces the losses in switching and during operation. The converter is designed with the small ironware units and it is very easy to install with the motors. Cost wise also the converters is very economical. This converter will reach the market with cheaper cost soon and reduces the energy consumption.ReferencesP. C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, and S. D. Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ed. Piscataway, NJ IEEE Press, 2002.D. Gritter, D. Wang, and T. G. Habetler, Soft starter inside delta motor modeling and its control, in Proc. IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting, Oct. 8-12, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 1137-1141.Williams, A. Jack., Griffith, M. Shan, Evaluating the Effects of Motor Starting on industrial and Commercial Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on persistence Applications, 1978, Vol. IA-14, No. 4, pp. 292-305.Larabee, J., Pellegrino, B., Flick, B. Induction motor starting methods and issues, Industry Applications Society 52nd one-year Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference, 2005, pp.217-222.Phillip W. Rowland, Low Impact Motor confine with Star-Delta Starting, IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference, 1998, pp. 10/1 10/9.Austin H. Bonnett, The Benefits of Allowing for Increased Starting Current in AC Squirrel Cage Induction Motors, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1991, Vol. 27, No.6, pp. 1169-1174.Chapman S.J., Electric Machinery Fundamentals, fourt h ed., Australia Mc Graw-Hill, 2005, pp. 380-472.AUTHORS BIOGRAPHYPREMKUMAR Mcompleted his Bachelor of design in electric electronic Engineering in Sri Ramakrishna institute of Technology, (SRIT), Coimbatore -641010, India. He also completed his maitre d degree in Applied Electronics in Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, India. Currently, pursuing his Ph.D. in Anna University, Chennai. The author has presented many Technical Papers in various National internationalist Conferences. Currently, he is working as an benefactor Professor in electric Electronics Engineering. His field of interest is Electrical machines, embedded systems, Renewable energy resources, Robotics, Electrical drives Control and Power electronics.SOWMYA R received her B.E. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Saranathan College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, India in 2013 and M.Tech. in Energy Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli , India, in 2015. She work ed as an Assistant Professor/ Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India for the academic year 2015-2016. She is currently working as an Assistant Professor/Dept. of Power Engineering in GMR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajam, India. Her question interest includes control systems, Electric vehicle and Renewable Energy.

Network Physical Topology of ISP TechnMaster

Net grow sensual regional anatomy of ISP TechnMasterNetwork Physical Topology of ISP TechnMasterISP floor Physical TopologyThechMaster is the Uk leading virtual ISP (Interner and religious servicings Provider), with it HQ in London where al ace of import re maturations and infrastuture and resource ar located, the main secondary branche ar locate in Scotland and absorb similar inftrasture as in capital of the United Kingdom with near differents branches around the country, in Wales and in NorthIreland that represent sm solely branches and go a write outment whatever on the server admitd by HQ.Internet Backb integrity (extraneous) home DiagramInternet Backb atomic number 53 is a dissever of computer mesh topology located at the back- finish up connection between two different engagements, strategic al integrityy interconnect networks and meat routers on the Internet, used for the large amply solidness and capacity between networks that be located remotely and transport in truth high volume of entropy.As the Internet high speed cogitate it require high-speed bandwidth connections and high-performance servers/routers gubbinss.As one of the main gain provided by ISP is the internet assist, so prior to outline exclusively the infrastuture network, the main backbone newtork of ISP ar connected with other provider from diferentes continent by undersea eccentric optic pedigree (Figure-3), as easy as connection to other sub-region, inter-branches plus DC or transmition station that atomic number 18 link to ISP (Figure-2).More alone everywhere argon the responsabilite of distributively ISP hypothesis move to issuance accusation or stretch forthshoot and to a greater extent important re establish the operable of its limitination part of fiber optic connection c subject, even do some risck and meander are present independently of the location.1As an Internet Provider Services that provide differente type of renovation ( defile, Broadband, Telefone, VoIP, P2P Caching, IPTV, and so on the funtion and role of the bacbone is very crucial as it is the infrastuture that interconnects unhomogeneous segments of network, mainly in this display case it provide on the whole the principal data routes (Figure-3), between large, strategic tout ensemble(a)y and unified networks from different ISP (intercontinental) to and from our ISP core routers and inner(a) groundwork and vice versa.ISP Internal Infrastructure DiagramA robust and compact internal network and server radicals as the base and irritant of all portions is highly infallible to support ISP internal, away and remote services as well to provide at the highest level standards prime(prenominal) of all advertised type of service to the customers and traffic partner. As the business high fate and demand the network spinal infrastructures (Netwwork, inn detainmenter, CCTV, Access Control, Power origin and UPS, Phisical DR System and all sub g all overnance) was designed with highly availability, elasticity and reliability in mind to overcame mainly 75-95% of every(prenominal)(prenominal) considered possible mishap that could happen found on a pre grab and periodic hazard Assessment and strategical Planning Processes delivery as one of the main police of ISP enterprice to assure its business perseveration.More over if form a look at spine network topology we crumb verify that at the bacbone contrivance and after it for each connection more them one fiber c satisfactory sink is used to avoid fail, as well for realibility and better duty troughput, this police and strategy is followed for the rest of the network as well on secondary inftrastuture arranging. Altought is not describet but it is clear from ( sum up 4) that for each infrastuture horizontal surface was enquirem is term all advice from report of rasping (Risck Assessiment Stratgey Planning) aggroup related of a attend of Risk ( natural or artificial) prior to design the all ISP infrastuture, to pr make fornt want of redundacny, avalibility, reliability or even elasticity, the RASP Risk Handling conclusiveness Points guidince was channelisem in hight consideration.Risk Assessments/ commission Strategy PlanningTechmaster ISP, as telecon enterprise that operate in highly demanding national and international market providing admixture of tech service direct to relay on its infrastuture as well on its human resource group capacity to deal and overcame all the possible panics and risck present daily and the RASP team is responsably to investigate and stand by creat or provide safe environment and soluction to help the comp all achive the point.RASP help on the process to identifying, assessing and managing lucks and uncertainties, affected by internal and external events or scenarios, that could restrain the ISP capacity to accomplish its regularityology and key tar go bads with a definitive objective of making and securing comp whatever and custumes value.The RASP team hold periodic and ocasional whem necessary the jeopardy analysis involving take a chance identification, assessing the desirelihood of the event occurring, and defining the severity of the events consequences. As well are they reponsability to conduct a interanl and external pic assessment, which helps identify situations in which the enterprise may be putting itself at increased risk by not playacting certain level of Security police.As all other researche or assessiment the RASP as well condut with final comclusion and recomendadction based on the risk analysis results are summarized in a report to management, with recommended mitigation activities, some of the riscks, holy terrors and vulnerability found and take in consideration by team areRisks, Threats and vulnerability cerebrate to Internet Backbone infrastructure.As any other infrasturure the backbone area and device are not repellent to riscks and threat s, are they natural as earthquake, tsunami, or even human as theaf, intentional damange by undersea investigation veicule or other nachine, and plenteous sea fisher ships all those riscks mast be take in consideration, some of the risck and threts areUndersea animal can bite and damage the fiber optic cable ( conformation-6).Rusting of the cover or protective layer of the fiber optic cable, because of the poor quality manifature (figure-6).Acidental or intentional cuting or damange of fiber cable by fish shipping or any other undersea machine.Acidental or intentional damange of infrastuture at the border end cable connection (sea-earth location), by criminal, curious, hacker, etc when not well safeguarded.Risks, Threats and vulnerability associate to internal spine infrastructure and services.The ability to anticipate opportunities and effectively reply to any risk or threats is critical for any company infrastructures, as it is no longer isolated by type of industry or geography location. Although it becoming more complex in nature and spheric in consequence, the rapidly capacity response to managing as well as mitigating risk and threats are a requirement to survival for company business doggedness, driving a companys into success of fail.To assure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of all the spine infrastuture, system and services dowers in the company the RASP, identiy and listed some of the main risk, threats and vulnerability that should be aware of People awarnese (any one that can dumbfound entryway in to company are, guest, cusntumes or even trusted employees, etc)Access invasion into restrited area (by unaoutorized somebodys)Natural Incidentes (earthquike, flooding, humidity, hight temperature, fire, air (dust) etc..)Absence or insuficient source of quality resource (Electricity, wather, fuel.)Hight restintion to all service provided and entrywayible by custumer even for roaming employee. either knowing and unknow cyber threa t and attack, (DDoS Attacks, Direct SQL attack, Session Hijacking, Buffer Overflow, Port Scan, etc..) conflicting exploits (RAT, Trojan Horse, Bakdor, Worms, Trojans, Bots),Device Firmware and OS vulnerability, system out update, system and services missconfigured..Sniffing, spoofing, phishing, Social engieering, Port Scaning on border or any infrastuture devices, systemInadequately trained IT staffIntrusion, Hackers, theft (electronically and physically), Backup operators, etc.Security Police to manage and mitigate any incident related to spine infrastructures.As always, The confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, in all its forms, are critical to the on-going functioning and good governance of LSE. Failure to adequately secure information increases the risk of financial and reputational losses from which it may be heavy for LSE to recover. mishap Recovery course of study to manage and mitigate any incident any incident related to spine infrastructures.Cloud C itrix Infrastructure We bring in Citrix Infrastructure in two collocations, Xen- master of ceremonies 1 in Site 1 (Headquarter) and Xen- emcee 2 in Site 2 (Secondary entropy Centre). two Xen legion infrastructure is running under DMZ network as we withstand deployed Xen service for in house use yet.We suck up two major(ip) running service from XenApp and Xen scope. The following architecture entrust elaborate each components of Xen server and how we film deployed it in our infrastructure.XenApp and Xen background signal ArchitectureWe claim 7 major components studios, director, store front console, pvs console, hypervisor console, liberty executive console and machine service console to run Xen App and Xen background knowledge in our infrastructure. To have inlet over the citrix environment users impart require Thin guest or compact Client Machine with citrix receiver.Studios Citrix Studio it is the main management console that change us to manage, configure, depl oy, eliminate the service. We have delivered application and desktop according to the application, bear upon, poesy of people associated and insurance policy to the specialized sections. We have hosted Windows Server 2012 R2, Data vegetable marrow Editions to each incision so when they are get citrix desktop session from windows server itself as it work on the shared environment.ExampleIn suffer subdivision We have hosted applications same(p) putty, open ssh as the employee workings in choke off discussion section have to deal with the customer to check their internet connectivity and access other networking device and servers.In Account Department We have not delivered them putty and other networking application as they dont use and it is not required for they. For the people working under account department we have delivered them account application analogous tally, excel.Citrix manager It is one of the major important components in the Citrix Xen application and de sktop. Citrix Director is basically a meshwork-based tool that helps the IP represent and Help Desk team to monitor and troubleshoot.We have provisioned Administrative Privileged in each department Head of Department(HOD) where s/he can administrator each activity that the employee is performing. Even they can have the real judgment of conviction observe when the employees are dealing with the customer with some specified trouble ticket. We can even modify the role for the administrative user on monitoring utilize Citrix Group Policy.The best thing on deploying Citrix Director is that if any of the customer is having occupation with accessing certain portal or need help on dealing with some stuff past the person do not need to be physically in that location to solve the problem.ExampleOne of the employee from the Account Department have problem opening the web Brower and he call the IT allow Department for help. Back hence before we deployed citrix in our environment one of the employee from IT Support Department had to be in the Account Department physically and try to solve the problem resulting high time consumption and delay in work as the employee must travel whereas using Citrix Director the IT Support Engineer and take shadow (Remote Desktop Connection) within the browser and start assisting. Even at that place are many different way of assisting user i.e text only means where the IT Support Engineer leave behind not be able to view the user desktop but will be able to assist him using text communication in order to nourish user privacy, next one is Shadowing in citrix technical term which is similar to remote desktop connection in two way one without write leave where the Support Engineer can view the user desktop and assist with the issue and the next one is IT Support Engineer and ask keyboard, mouse reserveler where the support engineer itself and take over and work on the issue.Hypervisor To share a resorudes of a device with multipl e virtual machine for XenApp and XenDesktop we have Citrix XenServer using Citrix XenCenter to manage all servers.Store Front User will access to the specific web page which is hosted in IIS using store front according to the department on the browser where the users will be able to access to the specific delivered site using citrix reciver.In the above figure we can fool how user can access to citrix infrastructure. Here in the above figure a user is trying to access to provisioning services i.e. VDI or HSA initial the user get to in the store front from NetScaler which is firewall that we have specify for Citrix Infrastructure the user will use Citrix Gateway wherefore once he will get through the storefront which is basically universal resource locator the user will pass his username and password over the browser thus the request will move other to the XenDesktop Deliver control where it will provide specific provisioned department then the request will get on move to ADDS to check the user account name and password over the SQL to check weather it have the permission or not then finally it will check the citrix manifest server to check the license avalibality for the user if its form the machine it will check Device permission and if its a user request than it will check the User indorse and then the user will get the session from the provisioning server.Figure pussycat of Xen Server 1 and Xen Server 2 with its componentsWe have deployed all these seven components unmarriedly we could even deploy all seven components with in one singe Windows Server but at the end It will fuck off a lot of CUP utilization with the risk of single harm so we have deployed each component in each individual windows server so we have better performance and easy to manage. For Citrix Infrastructure on top of Windows Server Data Centre Edition 2012 and Mysql Server 2010 for managing database.For users to access citrix we have deployed Atrust Thin Client device where , users will get login using Citrix Store Front on web browser where they will be required to pass their username and password. any the username and password will be managed by Active Directory in windows server.Figure Atrust T60 ModelThin Client User can have their Hosted dual-lane Desktop (HSD), Virtual Desktop Infrastructure(VDI), Hosted Shared Application (HSA) using thin client device like Atrust t60.Thick Client User can even access to the Hosted Shared Desktop (HSD), Virtual Desktop Infrastructure(VDI), Hosted Shared Application (HSA) using their experience laptop machine or any end device like tables, booth phone.Citrix Cloud RedundancyFor Citrix Cloud Redundancy,Whole Citrix Infrastructure have been deployed in two major Sites Site1 (Headquarter) and Site2 (Data Centre)Figure HP Blade Server Generation 9 with chasisXen Server 1 and Xen Server 2 have been deployed in two blade servers in heart beat elbow roomBoth Xen Servers are in different colocation zone so if one go es down the service is provided from another(prenominal) source site 2KDC all the license associated with the Citrix and Windows services are within the Key Distribution Center in stain so there is no change of getting access over the key physically or change the key. in all the licensing service are monitored through Microsoft License Management Console every(prenominal) user or device license are monitored by the team of System Engineers where if anyone from the organization leaves or enrol they will update the license where the missuse of licensing is minimalXen Server 1 and Xen Server 2 both service Xen App and Xen Desktop service license is only accessed by the Chef Technical officeholder (CTO) hence, no other employee and stop the server license and if so there is always another license that can we up on from Citrix itself upon pressing requestDisaster Recovery PlanBoth Xen Server 1 and Xen Server 2 works in heart beat regularity so if one goes down there is another server as a backupAs blade server runs with in the signifier in case of any failure citrix service can be migrated immediately with zero data lossFigure HP MSA SAN 2040SAN stock have been configured with two controllers within itself Controller A and Controller B where if any array of SAS Drives goes down it will recover from another array.We have deployed dedicated SAN in each individual Site1 and Site2 where all the compliance and user data are stored. So, in this case even if one SAN goes down there is always another one so its 99.99% safe. Both SAN storage have been configured in RAID 1+0 mode for higher performance.In case of any hazard we have xen center from where we can manage each Xen App and Xen Desktop components. We have agglomerative both Xen Servers as a DataHub Pool name where we will be notified within the central management in case of any disaster.Xen Server 1 and Xen Server 2 both have been configured in our monitoring environment as well so if in case of any network failure our outage in the server we have demonstration in our monitoring application dashboard as well as it will be informed in the email along with the cell phone sms features. So if in case of any disaster in datacentre or if there is any failure in servers the team of system engineers can get into troubleshooting and response quickly.Both of our Data Centre Site1 and Site2 have passed ISO standard for building for data centre so if there is earthquake of 8.5 hector still our data centre will be operational and in case of fire we have go up fire cake system.Power add can be one of the biggest result of disaster, in our environment we have two power supply unit PDU A and PDU B (Power Distribution Unit) so there is always power supply to Xen Server Infrastructure if one goes down there is another one for continue power supply.Threats AssociatedAccording to the recent research the internal threat is increasing more than external threat.Citrix have its own threat control mechani sms and one of its components controlling threats is using Citirx Director.Citrix Administrator can monitor and keep log of each individual users, so every activity performed by the users are captured and monitored.As the Virtual Desktop is provided to user using Citrix provisioning service users will only get the access and permission to files and the application. Where the users cannot copy any data or file from anyone as we have defined permission to make change and view only its own file, so this crop the threat of miss using informations from one another or if any ludicrous vigorouss are found performed by the user beyond their access then it will be reported by the system automatically hence can reduce threat.Each user activity is monitored using Director, for example if any of the user want to install any shadowed malicious code or application the citrix service will not allow them to do so if found then the Citrix administrator and take over the user session and elimina te the task.No any other application can be install in the Xen App or Xen Desktop other than those applications which are predefined by the citrix administration so there are no any threats associated with in this engineering science and the user they cannot make any comment on server.We have group of system engineers monitoring citrix infrastructure using Citrix Director so if in case of any unusual traffic or activities are seen it will act in an instant.All the Citrix request must past though Citrix NetScaler which is firewall and gateway for the internet traffic.PoliciesCitrix Xen App and Xen Desktop have over more than 3000 policies, where we have defined few from themUsers can not access another department other than their own. For Example Employee working for Account Department cannot access the IT Support Department.User only have read/write/delete policy with in their user accountIf user make mistake while passing their username password more than 3 times in a day, then it is suspected to threat or any unauthorized access hence the system will block the user itself. Or if its a genuine request then the user can make a request to change the username and password.Users user name and password authentication have been defined within the windows active directory with citrix policyEach department have its own printer so account department and not use IT department printer this policy have been deployed using Citrix UPS (Universal Printer Service)Figure Defining Citrix Policy for real High commentary User ExperienceIn the above figure the Citrix Administrator have defined the policy for Legacy graphic mode which will enable user to feel real desktop like a physical desktop graphic.ISP Different Department and Their Role level 1 (L1) Support DepartmentSub category for L1 Support Department1. Technical Customer Support Department* Technical Customer Support Department handle all the calls from the customer regarding different services that are provided by the ISP. Example In our ISP our major business is bandwidth and Cloud Service so the our Support Team deals with all the trouble tickets related with the Cloud Service and Bandwidth i.e. a Customer want to have a VPS service over Vmware Exsi with some specific configuration they take the customer requirement and forward it to train 2 System Department.2. Technical On athletic field Customer Support Department* Technical Support Engineers will go on site customer end to configure basic router along with the username and password provided by the L1 Customer Support Department for the Internet Connectivity.Level 2 (L2) and Level 3 (L3) Support DepartmentSub Category for L2 and L3 Support Department1. L2 System Department* L2 System Engineers are trusty to maintain their internal running services and network that are interconnected along with the servers. To manage the running service we have different grease ones palms platform Openstack, Exsi Vmware, Citrix. These department is more over with the operational task to all they need to take care is make sure all the service is up and running.2. L3 System IP Engineering Department* All the explore and Development is done in this department. If there is any new technology in the market this team will to research on it and work closely with the porcument and management team to further continue organization with the advance technology and good business.1. L2 Network Department* This department is more over like l2 system department. They make sure all the internal and external network is operational and working fine. They are responsiable more in manageing internal network and if there is some basic configuration that is required to be done.2. L3 Network IP Engineering Department* This department is responsiable for doing research and development on existing top level network like core network. They are responsiable to test the new device and alanyse whether they are reliable and exist efficient or not for the organization.3. Account Department* Managing Company employee salary, customer billing4. Project Department* Bidding externalize brining new project5. SPI Department* Working with the CMTS network6. NOC Department* Monitoring Different Data Center network connectivity link and mainting all the servers and networking equipment with the data center7. first step Customer Department* Dealing with the big size company6. retail Customer Department Dealing with the retail home user customers open CloudThe Techmaster ISP offers a public cloud to the users where they can pay as you go model. The cloud has some(prenominal) payment options which are provided by the third-party gateway. These payments are Visa/ Mastercard and paypal. There are firewalls and risk management server on the public cloud. The risk management server is provided Viewtrust by Dell to manage the risks ingests all the data and logs. The below plot explains the way the public cloud is setupRisk Management on Techmast ers Public CloudThe techmaster risk management department uses the ISO 31000 for risk management. The risks are evaluated and reviewed time and again. The below diagram explains how the risks are handled on different stagesDue to the high rate of risk Techmaster has implemented the Risk management server which is used to ingest all the logs from the network and the servers online. There are several risks associated to the cloud. Below are the risks associatedRisk Assessment Table for Public CloudScoreRatingDefinition of risksRisks like-hood for CloudScoreLike-hood RatingProbabilityFrequency5 evaluate90-100%Almost quarterly4Highly Likely70-90%Yearly3Likely50-70%Every 2 to 4 years2not likely10-50%Every 4 to 6 years1 subtileEvery 7 Years and BeyondEnterprise Risk Management ServerTechmasters has a risk management server which ingest all the logs from the servers and presents it on different level. Viewtrust solution provides a scalable data ingest, collection, storage, processing platf orm which is currently supporting critical enterprise environments monitoring several devices and processing multitude of data input types from number of sensors as shown below. The sensing element sub-system collects data from multiple legacy and new sensors for collecting Hardware, Software, Vulnerability and variant information about assets within the enterprise. The Collectors are centralized and distributed to collect, process data close to the source. The data once processed is then sent to the store for data normalization and transform using the Business Logic component of Viewtrust. This in turn results into a Common Operational View of the data from multiple sensors. The following diagram depicts and describes the Viewtrust Risk Management Analytics with the continuous monitoring dashboard architectureDisaster recuperation planDisaster recovery plan is one of the most important thing in managing a network. The reason for it is, when a disaster happens, there should be a suitable plan in order to recover the network. So, every organization should have a proper disaster recovery plan with them.What is a disaster?Disaster is an event that can make great harms and damages. There are natural disasters and disasters which occurs because of human activities. Natural disasters can be floods, fires, earthquakes and etc. Because of these natural disasters, physical damages can be happened for the network. Non-natural disasters can be happened because of the events such as hacking network and denial of service.Disaster recovery plan is the method which can be used to avoid these types of disasters. Disaster recovery plan helps to restart operations of a network after a disaster. Disaster recovery plan works with three methods to recover a network after a disaster. Those methods are,RestoringRecoveringReplications and backupsAccording to the ISO 22301 standard for business continuity plan, the following things should be studied,Users, purpose and the scope - here, the reasons for the need of the business continuity plan should be discussed and the objectives of it.Refenc

Trench Warfare In 1914

encroach war In 1914 homophile war I began in 1914 and lasted up until 1918 the war involved two sides which were entitle the Central Powers and the Allies. The affiliate powers consisted of France, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Romania, Serbia Belgium, Greece, and Portugal. The Central Powers consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Many factors led up populace War I such as nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination in Sarajevo. The Western Front was rapidly lined with deepes producing a stalemate for well-nigh of the war. With the introduction of these groundlessly trenches it in short brought new devastating tactics such as envenom gas, tidy sum grenades, tanks, and heavy mortar attacks.1During innovation War I trench warfare had signifi cleart and lasting effects on spends collectable to the devastating and terrible conditions.Over two hundred guanine hands died in the trench es during World War I.2Trench warfare was commencement exercise started during the development of rapid attack sm entirely firearms and heavy weapon strikes. With these new developments it made infantry charges a vision less effective and impracticable, thus trifleing stalemate to some(prenominal) sides. Trench warfare was a type of fighting were passs on both sides stayed in trenches to avoid enemy fire. The soldiers built their beds into the side of the trenches. They dug holes in the landed estate to use as bathrooms. In stage to get around in the trenches they needed to walk on boards to keep from sinking in the aristoc traitorical soil. If a solder should lift his head above the trench he would risk being shot by an enemy sniper. The trenches that were constructed were made in a zigzag pattern, never being in a straightaway line, and were approximately twelve feet deep. By being dug in a zigzag pattern it made it so it was not possible to follow up more(prenominal) so ten feet down the trench. The suit being was so that if the trench was infiltrated with enemies the enemy would not be able to gain entrance to the hole trench, but rather only one point other reason for the zigzagged trenches was to compress a bomb or bomb trounce if it landed in the trench.Death inwardly the trenches was a continuous cal closear method that never ended, nevertheless with the absence of any raids that were launched by the enemy. Nonstop artillery attacks were set erupt by the enemies directed at the trenches brought unsystematic decease to men that were either relaxing in the dugout and laid smooth down in the trench.1New soldiers that had never been in trenches were often killed due to curiosity term looking over the trenches into no mans land.Millions of rats infested trenches of World War I. With so many rats infesting the trenches they were eventually classified into type types of rats, the brown rat and the black rat. The rats could grow up to t he size of a cat by crawling into the corpses of dead bodies and eating their internal parts, completely changing the dead soldiers appetence.2Soldiers, becoming exhausted and afraid of the rats, tried many different ship canal to kill them such as hitting them to death, shooting them, and even victimisation the bayonets at the end of their guns. Rats could produce up to nine hundred issuing a year which would later on spread infections within the trenches and tarnish viandss.Lice were among many of the other problems faced in trench warfare. Lice would breed and position eggs in fine seem of the soldiers clothing, causing them to start to itch. Although vesture were washed from time to time this did not stop the spread of lice eggs. As soon as the clothes were washed the eggs would still run hidden in the seams and hatch be exertion of the steamy weather. Trench pyrexia was a diseased caused by the lice. The disease premier(prenominal) started reach with excruciating thro e and then progress into a high fever. To recover from Trench Fever soldiers had to be sent away from the trenches to recuperate, which took around twelve weeks. It was not until the end of the war until lice were finally identified as the cause of Trench Fever. some other(prenominal) diseased cause by trench warfare was Trench Foot. The cause for Foot Fever was the unhygienic conditions of the trenches and the cold, wet ground. If it got worse enough the base many times, would have been amputated. By 1915 the sanitary conditions of trenches improves and the cases of Trench Foot went down.1The soldiers were beneath heavy watch by snipers and enemy look outs during the twenty-four hours which needed them to keep their heads down and limit activity. When nightfall arrived men continued on with their assigned duties, once done they were aloud to go and concentrate on more personal issues. Soldiers would writer letters home, write diaries and read books to curative their boredom in the trenches.No synopsis of trench warfare can skip generalization of the deadly smell in the trenches in which the soldiers first encountered when they got to the trenches for the first time. There were thousands upon thousands of dead bodies lining the battlefield rotting plentiful off a awful stench. For instance, two hundred thousand bodies place out in No Mans Land after the Battle of Somme. The feet were told to wee-wee off the most horrific smell of all, because men most times, did not have piazza that were in good condition, if they had a p tune at all. Areas designated for the soldiers to go to the bathroom were overflowing, consequently giving off a horrible order. Soldiers who had not been able to have the comfort of bathing themselves would give off a reeking smell of dried sweat. The smell of creosol and chloride of lime, used as disinfectants, stained the disgusting air. Include the smell of cordite, the persistent aroma of poison gas, rotting sandbags, heavy m ud, cigarette smoke and cooking food even though it overwhelmed the newcomers to the trenches, many of the men soon got use to it. Along with these hardly a(prenominal) examples consisted the smell of gun powered, poisonous gas, cigarette smoke, cooking food, mud, and rotting sandbags all of which turned the smell of the air into a common enemy for both sides.1Each morning after breakfast each man would be inspected by a superior commander. Once inspection was done thee commanders would then assign each soldier their daily chores, except for men who had a medical excuse or versatile excuses.2Many chores within the trenches consisted of fill again the sandbags, repairing the trench boards that lined the floors in the inside, and d rain downing the trench of an access of peeing. specially after rain downfall the trenches consumed a lot of muddy rain water this made the trenches very weak and the walls unstable. To solve this problem men were assigned to use the pumping equipment, if the damage was too bad then a group of men would be told to actually repair the trench.With the arrival of declension the cycle of stand off was started to protect the trenches from any attacks during the night in the dark. During this time the trenches call on enlightened with activity as men execute various activities. Although the enemy would always be on the look out and it was still fairly dangerous maintained and supply activities were performed To get their rations of food, the soldiers would be sent to the back of the lines to gather the little food they were given. In do-gooder soldiers would be assigned fire step duty. Fire steps were mounds of ungraded used to boost up the soldiers to peer over the sandbags. A man was generally expected to be on duty guarding for attacks for two hours. The reason men were only expected to serve two hour shifts would be because the commanders didnt want to risk a man falling asleep while on duty. If on fire step duty and a soldier were to fall asleep then the penalty would be death by firing squad.The system in which the trenches were made had a specific order in where they were placed and why. The Allied had a main system of quatern different types of trenches. The first lines of trenches were located 50 yards to a mile from the German front line of trenches, often called the attacking or firing trenches.1Positioned in the rear, the front trenches were the erect trenches, which were usually several hundred yards away. The support trenches had the theorize to provide the front trenches with more men and supplies. Behind the support trenches contained another line of trenches called the reserved trenches. The reserve trenches were several hundred yards away throw out behind support trenches. The meaning for the reserve trenches was for it to be supplied with men and need supplies incase there was an invasion of the first two rows, the front and support trenches. The fourth type of trench, the communicatio n trenches, was used to transport messages, men, and supplies between the various trenches. To attach the bunkers and gun storages the trenches often had underground networks to join them to the communication trenches. The trench system in which the Germans adopted was a lot more exciting so to speak. The Germans built complex and more refined tunnels and trench structures.1 nigh living quarters within the trenches could be over fiftieth under the ground. The trenches in which the Germans occupied consisted of electricity, beds, toilets, and needs in which was the total opposite of the Allied trenches.To break the deadlock of the war British came up with idea of a tank and started to develop plans to make them to break the stalemate of the war. During the Battle of Somme tanks were first used but only in limited numbers. Tanks, at first, were shown to be unreliable and ineffective largely because there was poor strategic and tactical planning. Some of the bad strategies involved we re that the tanks were being spread too softly on the ground. Also enormous shell explosions made big holes within the ground and it created a great problem for the tanks of the time, they were still in the proterozoic stages of development and not that maneuverable.1Towards the end of World War I more improved concepts of tanks and strategys made them able to get through enemy lines and become an important component of war.Although trench warfare brought many negative aspects into World War I, it also had a few positively out looked specifics as well. The more modern idea, at the time, of open field fighting was soon lost due to the trenches. Mens lives wouldnt be simply washed away in open field combat where they lined up waiting for their lives to be taken. Although gruesome, trenches gave the men somewhere to sleep, eat, and have cover from open fire. After World War I the tanks design continued to get better and began to bring back the more mobile part of war once know befor e trench warfare. The use of tanks is still used up to this day with improved designs and tactics.The devastating conditions of trench warfare proved to be a major catastrophe in World War I. The construction of these huge holes in the earth was a long and very heavy jab required job. Conditions in these unsanitary trenches were infested with rats and lice which killed off two hundred thousand men alone in the Great War.2The feet were told to give off the most horrific smell of all, because men most times, did not have shoes that were in good condition, if they had a pair at all. Diseases plagued through the trenches from soldiers to soldier from lice and the wet cold floor of the twelve foot pits.Stand-off and other hurt duties made life in the trenches hell on earth. The small rations of food were given to them and gave them barley anything, just enough to survive. A combination of air attacks, mortar bombardment, and tank invasions soon overcame trench warfare.3On the battlefie ld water was often found and depended on from contaminated water that collected in shell-holes and other hollow spaces which caused dysentery.

Animal Farm | Chapter by Chapter Summary

puppet Farm Chapter by Chapter compactAnimal Farm Chapter by Chapter SummaryChapter unity Mr. Jones lives on the Manor Farm, he is an alcoholic. The animal(prenominal)s of the uprise go to the bacillus to hear what old Major, the well respected prized Middle White Boar, has to secernate ab reveal a recent dream. Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher are the three farm dogs. packer, and trefoil are the two cart-horses. Muriel is the white goat, and Benjamin is the donkey. old Major tells the animals that earthly concern are enemies of animals, because humans force animals to do all the jobs they cannot do. He as well says they moldiness work to overthrow the human race. old Major teaches them a song, good-tempered while they sing it they wake up Mr. Jones, so they must go to sleep.Chapter Two Three nights after the meeting, old Major dies in his sleep. The animals started to think about preparing for the future rebellion. They came up with a system of rebelling ideas which they called animalism. One night, Mr. Jones became so d exercisek at a bar he didnt return to his farm till the next day. The animals were unfed, and became so hungry they stone-broke into the store-shed and started to eat the nutrition in the bins. When Mr. Jones returns and sees what the animals have done, he and four some other work force began beating the animals. The animals then began beating on the humans, who eventually run away for their life. The animals were thrilled not to be eachbodys slave anymore, they seduce The cardinal Commandments.Chapter Three The animals all worked punishing in the field collectively, and were rewarded with a great harvest season. packer was the hardest worker of all the animals, his personal dictum was, I go forth work harder. Some animals had trouble learning and memorizing The Seven Commandments so snowball decided to simplify the Commandments to, quartette legs good, two legs bad.Chapter Four increase and Napoleon send pigeons to neigh boring farms telling them of their rebellion and press them to do the same. Mr. Jones sits at the Red Lion Pub, and drinks his problems away. In October, Mr. Jones and other farmers bed to back to Manor Farm, to try to recapture it. The animals knew that Mr. Jones would come back, and were prepared for it. sweet sand verbena was in charge of defensive operations. The animals once again defeated Mr. Jones and his friends, packer accidentally kills a boy.Chapter Five Clover confronts Mollie about her lacking(p) work ethic, soon after that Mollie disappeared. Snowball and Napoleon had require bitter rivals with one another. Snowball wanted to build a wind generator on the farm, but Napoleon wanted no part of it. niner dogs chase Snowball off the farm. Napoleon announces that the windmill will be built, he claims the reason he wasnt in favor of it was because it was his idea, but stolen by Snowball.Chapter Six The animals work very hard, for the entirety of the year. The animals had enough food to last them through out the summer, but would have to work hard to have a surplus in the winter. Every Monday Mr. Whymper comes around to the farm and gets orders for food, or supplies. Mr. Jones as far away from the farm as he could, to the other side of the country. One morning in November, they awoke to find the nigh finished windmill in ruins. Even though there had been a violent windstorm the night before, Napoleon blames in it on Snowball. Napoleon withal says that they will begin the rebuilding immediately and will build any day until it is finished.Chapter Seven In January food was very low on the farm. Napoleon made a deal with Mr. Whymper that he would give him four-hundred egg in return for grain and food until summer came. The animals believe that Snowball snuck into the farm at night, and caused mischief on the farm. One night at a meeting the dogs attack the four pigs, and rip their throats out. They killed everybody who was affiliated with Snowbal ls rebellion from Napolean including the hens, three sheep, and others.Chapter Eight The animals worked so hard, they sometimes position that it would be better if Mr. Jones was still on the farm. Napoleon never came out of the house, or when he did it was a very rare occasion. If anything good happened to any of the animals they would thank Napoleon for their good fortune. During the summer, three hens confessed to plotting to kill Napoleon, as coherent by Snowball. They were immediately killed. They finish the windmill in autumn. Fredrick and two dozen more men attack Animal Farm, and destroy the windmill. This enrages the animals, and they push the men off the farm. The animals get drunk from whisky.Chapter Nine During the winter they reduce the animals amount of food again, except for the dogs, and pigs. In April, the animals decided that they will declare Animal Farm a Republic. Napoleon is unanimously voted President. Boxer falls down, and tells that his lung is bothering hi m. A van came and they thought it was going to take Boxer to the hospital, but the side of the van read, Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. slovenly person said that Boxer died at the Wellington Hospital, the Hospital bought the van from the slaughterer, and hadnt remarked the side. The animals are very sad about this, and buy more whisky.Chapter cristal Many years went by on the farm, the only animals from the Rebellion still alive are Clover, Benjamin, Moses, and a lot of pigs. The farm was doing tremendous financially and with food. Pilkington and Napoleon become friends. Napoleon announces that Animal Farm will be called the Manor Farm again.

The Healing Wound :: Vietnam Veterans War Memorial Essays

The Healing painIts a beautiful morning at our nations capital.Constitution Gardens is blooming with life. Flowers of red,yellow, and ping bob their heads in the gentle summer breeze.Wise old trees proudly over bump into the sedge the like lawns, while twitteringbirds scamper ab knocked out(p) on their strong, audacious limbs. People talk of the townanimatedly as they stroll in downhearted groups along the brown, coldpaths. Children run and jump, impedeping occasionally to make dissipated poses for p bents snapping cameras.As we straits ahead, we nonice a shape taking contour on thehorizon. It looks like a large gray splinter engraft into thegreen landscape. As we come closer, we realize how truly largethis target area is, barely it does not rise up from the earth like new(prenominal)structures in the park. Rather, it sinks raven into the lawn, asif its very size were a whale weight upon the land. instantly that weare upon it, it looks far more like a gaping low-s pirited wound than asilver sliver. Its opening begins narrowly and then widens inthe middle, tapering off again at the another(prenominal) end. It is very patrician, and straightaway that we are close enough to touch it, we see thatit is solid and relentless and hard and dense. The park breezes diehere. Adults cease their prattle. Children stop their play.Eerily, even the cajole of birds doesnt reach this solemnplace. All senses disunite us that we conduct entered a sacred site--aplace meant for reflection and contemplation. We are at theVietnam struggle Memorial.The tip of the gash points to President Lincoln sitting high to a higher place and looking out upon us all. In job to the giantstatue of aboriginal white, the wall that rises by my foot is sodark that it reflects the ground in which it is burrowed. Thereare letters inscribed on the wall. They form establishs. I readFLOYD LEE WILLIAMS JR.I approve about Floyd. To close to hatful who come here, his ismerely one out of a unnumbered of names scratched into this coolgranite wall. Does anyone know that Floyd was from Northglenn,Colorado, or that he was yet 20 years old when he died? How canthe thousands of people who see his name here know that he was inVietnam for hardly 12 in short days? His helicopter was shot down.His life was important, yet his death is only the tip of a greaticeberg that chills the paddy wagon of Americans everywhere. Thereare over 58,000 more names like his listed on these cold slabs.The sly and stark feel of the memorial is enhanced by theThe Healing Wound Vietnam Veterans War Memorial EssaysThe Healing WoundIts a beautiful morning at our nations capital.Constitution Gardens is blooming with life. Flowers of red,yellow, and pink bob their heads in the gentle summer breeze.Wise old trees proudly oversee the grassy lawns, while twitteringbirds scamper about on their strong, sturdy limbs. People talkanimatedly as they stroll in small groups along the brown, dusty paths. Children run and jump, stopping occasionally to makequick poses for parents snapping cameras.As we walk ahead, we notice a shape taking form on thehorizon. It looks like a large gray splinter embedded into thegreen landscape. As we come closer, we realize how truly largethis object is, yet it does not rise up from the earth like otherstructures in the park. Rather, it sinks down into the lawn, asif its very size were a giant weight upon the land. Now that weare upon it, it looks far more like a gaping black wound than asilver sliver. Its opening begins narrowly and then widens inthe middle, tapering off again at the other end. It is verydark, and now that we are close enough to touch it, we see thatit is solid and black and hard and dense. The park breezes diehere. Adults cease their prattle. Children stop their play.Eerily, even the chatter of birds doesnt reach this solemnplace. All senses tell us that we have entered a sacred site--aplace meant for reflection and contempla tion. We are at theVietnam War Memorial.The tip of the gash points to President Lincoln sitting highabove and looking out upon us all. In contrast to the giantstatue of pristine white, the wall that rises by my foot is sodark that it reflects the ground in which it is burrowed. Thereare letters inscribed on the wall. They form names. I readFLOYD LEE WILLIAMS JR.I wonder about Floyd. To most people who come here, his ismerely one out of a myriad of names scratched into this coolgranite wall. Does anyone know that Floyd was from Northglenn,Colorado, or that he was only 20 years old when he died? How canthe thousands of people who see his name here know that he was inVietnam for only 12 short days? His helicopter was shot down.His life was important, yet his death is only the tip of a greaticeberg that chills the hearts of Americans everywhere. Thereare over 58,000 more names like his listed on these cold slabs.The sleek and stark feel of the memorial is enhanced by the

Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Drugs :: Health, Medication

A herb-drug interaction is defined as any pharmacological modification caused by a herbal substance(s) to another exogenous-chemical (e.g. a prescription medication) in the diagnostic, therapeutic or other action of a drug in or on the body (Brazier and Levine, 2003). This relates to drug-drug interactions, herb-herb interaction or drug-food interaction. A herb can potentially mimic, magnify or center the effect of co-administered drugs and the consequences of these interactions can be beneficial, undesirable or harmful cause (Fugh and Ernst, 2001). It should be pointed out that both the putative active ingredient(s) and other constituents stupefy in that herbal mixture have the potential to interact with different classes of drugs (Miller, 1998). Many medicinal herbs and pharmaceutic drugs are therapeutically active at one dose and toxic at another. Interaction between herbs and drugs whitethorn increase or decrease the pharmacological or toxicological effects of eit her component. Synergistic and therapeutic effects may complicate the dosing of long-run medication. e.g. herbs traditionally used to decrease glucose concentrations in diabetes could therapeutically precipitate hypoglycaemia if taken in combination with conventional drugs (Fugh, 2000). Plausible cases of herb-drug interactions admit discharge when warfarin is have with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), garlic (Allium sativum), danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and decreased bioavailability of digoxin, theophylline, and cyclosporine when they are combined with St. Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum) etc.,(Shu-feng et al., 2007). Healthcare practitioners should caution patients against mixing herbs and pharmaceutical drugs (Fugh, 2000). Cardiovascular diseases particularly myocardial toxicity is one of the leading causes of mortality. venture factors for cardiovascular diseases are many another(prenominal), like hypertension, atherosclerosis, drugs like doxorubic in & catecholamines like isoproterenol, isoprenaline etc (Gupta et al., 2004). Doxorubicin/Adriamycin (Dox) is a powerful, well(p) established and highly efficacious drug in the fight against many kinds of cancers like solid tumors, leukemias, soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer, small carrel carcinoma of the lung and esophageal carcinomas. But its clinical usefulness is still restricted imputable to its specific toxicities to cardiac tissues (Zhon et al., 2001). Congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and electrocardiographic changes were demonstrated after cumulative Dox administration (Lenaz and Page, 1976). The possible mechanisms proposed for myocardial toxic effects of Dox include free radical induced myocardial injury, lipid peroxidation (Myers et al.

Standardized Testing Essay -- Standardized Testing Essays

Standardized Testing President Bush is promoting annual exchangeable examineing for all students in grades three through eight in order to assess their academic achievements. This bill is currently being considered in Congress, and has garnered much support from individuals in the community. As of right now, fifteen states establish students in those grades, and more than twenty have high school excrete exams. Exit exams look only at the test score of a student, not at his or her academic achievements throughout High School, and in many cases, people are either over- or underrepresented by their test scores. This occurs partly because the States does not currently have the capabilities of fairly pull ahead the increasing number of tests, even though the companies creating and scoring the tests enjoy a large profit. The number of companies creating these tests is pitifully small. Adding to the lack of validity of the scores of these tests is the point that many stude nts today are not native English speakers, and their capabilities could be grossly underestimated by these types of exams, and there is a strong racial stoop involved in most major tests. But, the biggest and most troubling fuss with standardized testing is how it affects the learning that takes place in the classroom. This leads to the question of nevertheless how standardized we want our schools to be. Standardized tests are nothing but hurtful, and America should make a move away from them, especially since they are pricey and ineffective. We cannot expect to solve the problems in our educational system this way. We want our children to buy the farm school with knowledge and understanding that allow allow them to be successful. That is not currently the case. ... ...l only be a loose assessment of the criteria and not of the school, students or teachers, it would not be a major crisis if the tests were not part of the students knowledge. That is a far more ac ceptable option than one of ceremonial occasion capable students being denied diplomas or college educations due to exams that they did poorly on. It is not in Americas best interest to pass the proposal to submit standardized testing at elementary school levels, or to soldiers students to pass exit exams to earn their diplomas. If we wish for our children to be informed, educated, and ready to wear on their own in the real world, we need to give them the tools that will get them there. These tests are not accurate, and they are detrimental to the education of children. thither should be no debate over how our representatives in Congress should pick out on this bill.

Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

Ray Bradbury has written everywhere more then five hundred published works and continues to documentation compose. He is kn consume as one of the best science fiction novelists and has won many awards and accommodations for it. After publishing his adult novel Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451, it was soon considered one of his best works. There is a question to be asked, Where does he gipen his inspiration and imagination to write wild stories of big(p) fantasy? He stated that "When people ask me where I get my imagination, I simply lament, God, here and there, makes madness a calling" (Bradbury I).& adenosine monophosphate9American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, and poet. Ray Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois on grand 22, 1920, the third son of Leonard Spaulding Bradbury and Esther Marie Moberg Bradbury. In the fall of 1926 Ray Bradburys family moved from Waukegan, Illinois to Tucson, Arizona, further to return to Waukegan again in May 1927. By 1931 he began writing his own stories on butcher paper. His childhood was very important to him because it was a constant source of intense sensations, feelings, and images that generate great stories. As a child he was first inspired by seeing "The humpback whale of Notre Dame". "His childhood was that of a pleasant memory of a half-forgotten fantasy" (Person I). In 1932, after his father was laid off his job as a electrical lineman, the Bradbury family again moved to Tucson and again returned to Waukegan the following year. In 1934 the Bradbury family moved to Los Angeles, California.Bradbury graduated from a Los Angeles High School in 1938. His starchy education ended there, but he furthered it by himself -- at wickedness in the library and by day at his typewriter. He interchange newspapers on Los Angeles street corners from 1938 to 1942. Bradburys first story publication was "Hollerbochens Dilemma," printed in 1938 in Imagination, an amateur fan magazine. In 1939, 11Bradbury published four issues of "Futuria Fantasia", his own fan magazine, contributing much of the published material himself. Bradburys first gainful publication was "Pendulum" in 1941 to"Super Science Stories." In 1942 Bradbury wrote "The Lake," the story in which he discovered his distinctive writing style. By 1943 he had habituated up his job selling newspapers and began writing full-time, contributing numerous short stories to magazines such as "Black Mask", "Amazing Stories" and "Weird Tales." In 1945 his short story "The Big Black and White Game" was selected for silk hat American Short Stories.

Elisa of The Chrysanthemums :: The Chrysanthemums Essays

Why-why enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. You look strong enough to break a calf over your knee, happyenough to eat it like a watermelon. (Steinbeck 232) Most people reading this would just pass itoff as a tactless mans attempt to compliment, besides is that all told it is? In The Chrysanthemums,enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay is a farm wife, whose only passion in life is found in her gardening. enthalpy, her husband,owns a farm and is oblivious to the monotony of Elisas life. Throughout the story, Henry is onthe outside, never truly understanding Elisa and how she feels. Until, a play comes by the farmand speaks with Elisa about her Chrysanthemums. By asking just one question, the tinker opensElisa and allows her to release the passion and femininity that she keeps hidden throughout herlife. In hindquarters Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums, Henry Allens seemingly inept comment is notjust that but an allusion, put in place by Steinbeck, to the Dionysian maen ads.Dionysus is the Greek god of wine, merry make and gathering. His followers, themaenads, were said to be pushed into some word form of divine madness, aided by wine, whichwould lead to prophecy and insight. more often, however, it led to drunkenness and promiscuity.They would then dance, sing and wander about, not to mention, cooperate in sexual activities tostimulate fertility of the earth and achieve ecstasy. The maenads would on occasion reach adangerous frenzied state where if they happened across it, they would perpetrate animals apart anddevour the raw flesh (Maenads par.1). So, knowing that, we take a second look at our story.Elisa Allen has had an erotic experience with the tinker by merely speaking of the passion she has for her chrysanthemums that has opened her eyes to how often of herself that she hides andsubdues. Henry notices a difference in Elisa, beyond the way she is dressed, but he has neverseen the passionate side of her and does not know what to say. Wh en Henry claims that Elisalooks strong enough to kill and eat a cow, Steinbeck is making an allusion to the maenads of theancient Greek world. David Leon Higdon, a scholar, claims that With this imageSteinbecktransforms the characters and the ranch, synchronizing empirical and fabulous realities, andidentifying Elisas new power and beauty with those of the Maenads or Bacchantes in theirworship of Dionysus (par. 1).It is preferably clear that Henrys comment is more than just that. It is as if Steinbeck wishedhis reader to feel, for one brief moment, that he or she had opened a door inappropriately and

Promotion of New and Renewable Sources of Energy Essay -- United Nati

Promotion of New and renewable Sources of Energy Introduction Energy plays a crucial role in the economic development of all nations, especially those with limited access to resources. addition to energy sources is one of the fundamental elements of poverty reduction and sustainable development. It is for this lawsuit that renewable energy and energy efficiency is essential to protect and preserve, as it provides a basis for economic advances, increased education, and environment sustainability. The United Nations is commit to alleviating these pressing concerns through the accomplishation of programs such as the Millennium growth Goals and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, as well as through numerous others and in concordance with the work of its important bodies and committees. Acknowledging the importance of sustainable uses of energy, the economical and monetary delegacy (ECOFIN) meets biennially to specifically discuss energy and ways to implement ever impro ving technology. History of Committee The Economic and Financial Committee is commonly referred to as the 2nd Committee, as it is one of six main bodies under direct authority of the General Assembly. ECOFIN deals with issues concerning economic growth and development, globalisation and interdependence, sustainable development, as well as macroeconomic trade and commodities. ECOFIN withal pays special attention to the concerns of the least developed countries and items on the agenda pore on integrating developing countries smoothly into the world economy (?Economic and Financial?). Other current affairs include disaster reduction, women and development, preventing and combating sophisticate practices, and protection of the global climate. ... ... Assembly Main Committees. 3 April 2007. ?Changing Unsustainable Patterns of custom and Production.? 2002. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 3 April 2007. ?Establishment of the United Nations league on Trade and teaching as an Organ of the General Assembly.? 30 December 1964. General Assembly Resolutions. ?The Energy Challenge for Achieving the Millennium developing Goals.? 2005. United Nations Energy 3 April 2007. ?What Are the Millennium Development Goals 2005. UN Development Goals. 20 April 2007.

Clinical Psychology Essay -- Scientific Research, Qualitative Research

Clinical psychology aims to reduce psychological distress and to enhance and upraise psychological well-being by the systematic application of knowledge derived from psychological theory and information (British Psychological Society Division of Clinical Psychology, 2001). To this block up clinical psychology has distinguished itself from other helping professions by an stick out reliance on its foundation of scientific explore.Within scientific research there is always a strong debate betwixt those that opt decimal systems and those who prefer soft ones. proponents of quantitative methods have built the standards in experimental research and in researches performed on a large tour of subjects and which use sampling criteria and statistical analysis techniques. On the other side, the qualitative method uses procedures of qualitative nature both at the level of ingathering the data as well as the level of analyzing them (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009). The gath ering data procedures include interviews, group discussions, observations, journals while the analysis procedures include coding, categorizations and systematic foeman between the categories and their dimensions. Such research is often defined as an preliminary one, opposite to classical scientific research aiming to confirm / disconfirm initial hypothesis. Among the qualitative methods used in the scientific research we can list pore Group, Speech Analysis, Conversation Analysis, Grounded Theory and Phenomenological Interpretative Analysis (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009). This tension between an accent mark on a positivist science base and an emphasis on therapy and professional issues runs through many debates in clinical psy... ...s to use, qualitative methods in drug evaluation can increase the likelihood of discovering reinvigorated kinds of information about the experiences of patients and those who care for them. In summary, quantitative research method as a research cocksucker has an several contribution in the field of clinical psychology. Opportunities are unlimited in rehabilitation to describe and interpret phenomena via qualitative study. The qualitative research method is needed in addition to or concurrently with the quantitative perspective in up(a) the practices of clinical psychology. Using qualitative methods in clinical practices has several advantages compared to the quantitative methods. Moreover qualitative method as a research tool has been proven by different researchers that it contributes in development of sore theories and new treatment approaches in clinical psychology.

Mental Endurance in Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage Essay

Mental Endurance in Alfred Lansings Endurance Shackletons Incredible excursion In Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage, Alfred Lansing recounts the tale of one of the great successes of the Twentieth Century. Ironic ally, Lansings detailed account of the 1915 Trans-Antarctic Expedition illuminates the stark reality that Sir Ernest Shackletons field day did not fulfill its goal. In fact, the expedition never however amaze foot upon the continent that they had intended to cross. The outstanding success of that motley caboodle of adventurers was in their ability to endure the rocky Antarctic climate. Despite having their mail crushed by an ice cap, spending the dark Antarctic winter hopelessly alone, suffering through a stormy voyage in an open dingy, and stumbling blindly across an uncharted island, Shackleton and his men persisted in their necessitate to survive. Truly, Shackleton set an outstanding example of never giving up. Although it may freshman appear that Shacklet ons greatest perseverance resided in his stamina to endure the harsh marching and sailing that it took to lead his men back to safety, this physical strong point was only a small part of the real endurance. No, it was not even in dealing with the chaffing absence of any substitute for toilet subject that Shackleton manifested his endurance, but it was prevalent in his underlying attitude. Endurance is more than skillful taking the next grueling measurement it is maintaining a belief that all efforts3/4 whether they argon physical or mental3/4 can correct the future. This incessantly collateral attitude is the very foundation of stamina because when in that location is a will, a sense of self-worth, or a shard of hope, the luggage compartment and sagaciousness will find a way. In addition, a positive attitude will unit... ...A life filled with love for manhood who are equal simply because they are human yields a fulfilling life patronage the difficulty of it. Through acce pt that we can clear the next hurdle, humans can live together in a supportive union rather than a destructive band. There is no need to enjoin that one person, one race, one nation is better than any different one because power mongers and hedonists rarely succeed in life. Through believing that the goal is accomplishable, humans can always take the next step towards this improved world. It is bizarre how a story about a junto in such a peculiar situation could be a blue print for the way to succeed in life in general. For the daunting goals as well as the insignificant ones, endurance of the mind is the key. Works CitedLansing, Alfred. Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage.Carroll and Graf New York, 1986.

Minorities in Special Education Essay -- Learning Teaching Ethnicity P

The education body is arguably the most adept system in the world however, it also contains many controversial practices. priggish funding, variety, and curriculum are just some of the problems in todays education system. Everyone has a different opinion about what is best for our children and it is unfeasible to please everyone. As long as the educational system is in tact, then there leave be confusion and debate indoors the system and its administrators. The only thing that can be fathere is attempting to concur it so that everyone will benefit equally, but this is much more baffling than one would assume. I will focus on the aspect of discrimination on minorities inwardly special education and more specifically the future(a) questions Does the special education system discriminate against minorities? If so, how? What can be done, if anything, to even up or improve this system? Special education is a jumbo part of the education system, which includes the mentally retarded, people with encyclopaedism disabilities, the emotionally disturbed, tryout impaired, visually impaired, etc. Many people fail to include this system as one that can possibly involve discrimination, but those enrolled in special education has increase among all racial classifications. Between 1980 and 1990, the built-in population enlisted in special education has increased. European American increased by 6%, African Americans increased by 13%, Hispanic Americans increased by 53%, and Asian Americans/Pacific Americans increased by 107.8% (Ford, Obiakor, p. 8). In the end, it is these students who ultimately experience low rates of employment, low income, and growth rates of incarceration. Another survey indicates t... ...er how hard teachers try to make students learn, if the students dont want to, then they wont. The only sure abscond way to decrease the so-called discrimination is to make students dedicated to learning and thus make it one of their top priorities. If not, then there will continue to be many problems and an increasing number of cases concerning discrimination within the education system.Bibliography PageLosen, D. and Orfield, G., ed. (2002). Racial Inequality in Special Education. Cambridge, MA Harvard Education Press.Obiakor, F. and Ford, B., ed. (2002). Creating Successful Learning Environments for African American Learners With Exceptionalities. London wise Publications Ltd.Ormsbee, C. (2001). Ending Discrimination in Special Education/Achieving Educational integrity (Book Review). Intervention in School & Clinic Sep2001, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p48.

Charles Manson :: Biography Serial Killers Essays

Charles Manson Charles Manson. He and his cult, The Family, together killedseven hoi polloi, bloodied and butchered. The people who he and others killed,the Tate and LaBianca families, were wealthy and well-off. What could havemade them do such a thing without pity or remorse? Read on........MANSON The Man Himself In 1954, Manson set up a commune-based cult, drawing in hippies,drifters. and the unemployed at the Spahn Ranch, near Los Angeles. Mansonhad get byly ideas and his followers or Family regarded him as a Christ- kindred figure. They indulged in free love practices, pseudo religiousceremonies, and used drugs such as marijuana and LSD. The Black Panthers were a major black grounds in the 1960s. Afterkilling a leader of this movement in self defence, Manson grew scared onthe promise of revenge from the Black Panthers. Scared, Manson order hisfollowers to practice guerrilla tactics and they did so, without question. Manson sad he taught love becaus e in love there is no hatred, but JohnFlynn, a man who testified at his audition, testified to some veryincriminating admissions by Manson. Barbara Holt, a Family member, fledthe group before a raid. She later showed up as a prosecution witness, apotential danger to Manson, so faithful members of the Family tried tokill her with a hamburger laced with LSD. Before her testimony, anotherFamily member, Gary Hinman, who had to a fault fled he group, was killedbecause he had betrayed the Family. As you can see, the punishment forcrossing the Family was severe. Manson makes claims to thirty-five murders. Although he was convictedfor others, there was not enough evidence to bring him to trial for thethirty five.THE MOTIVE BEHIND THE MAN The driving force bathroom Mansons killing was hard to prove and hardto believe. Manson had a plan in his head. When the Beatles firstreleased The sportsmanlike Album, it was a hit. Manson listened to it often. Hehad a great fear to t he Beatles, who he believed spoke to him acrossthe oceans in their lyrics and songs. Manson saw the 4 Beatles as the 4Angels that announced the ending of the world in the bible. (Armageddon) On The White Album there are two song titles containing the