Mount St. Helens

Geographic Facts and OverviewElevation: 8, 635 feet (2,550 m)Prominence: 4, 605 feet (1,404 m)Coordinates: 46 °12’00.17†N, 122 °11’21.13†WAge of rock: > 40,000 yearsEasiest access: southern slopeMount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located 96 miles south of the city of Seattle and 53 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. Mount St. Helens takes its name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of George Vancouver, who did a survey of this place in the late 1800s.The mountain can be found in the Cascade Range and is part the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes (Mount St. Helens). This volcano is quite well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. It is located 45 miles west of Mount Adams, in the western part of the Cascade Range. These volcanic mountains are each approximatel y 50 miles from Mount Rainier, the highest of Cascade volcanoes. Mount Hood, the nearest major volcanic peak in Oregon, is 60 miles (95 km) southeast of Mount St. Helens. (Mount St. Helens)Mount St. Helens is quite young compared to the other well-known Cascade volcanoes (Mount St. Helens). It only formed within the last 40,000 years, and the summit cone (before the 1980 eruption) began rising around 2000 years ago. The volcano is still considered the most active in the Cascades within the last 10,000 or so years, according to the Mount St. Helens report in Wikipedia.Mount St. Helens Eruptive HistoryThe early eruptive stages of Mount St. Helens are known as the â€Å"Ape Canyon Stage† (around 40–35,000 years ago), the â€Å"Cougar Stage† (ca. 20–18,000 years ago), and the â€Å"Swift Creek Stage† (roughly 13–8,000 years ago).The modern period, since about 2500 BC, is called the â€Å"Spirit Lake Stage†. (Mount St. Helens) Collectively , the pre-Spirit Lake Stages are known as the â€Å"ancestral stages† (Mount St. Helens).The Eruption of May 18, 1980Mount St. Helens erupts maybe around once each century. After lying asleep for 123 years, Mount St. Helens again spewed steam and ash on March 27, 1980 – a prelude that put geologists on alert. But what happened on the18th of May, 1980, went beyond what anyone had envisioned. According to Mount Saint Helens History report, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake from inside the volcano triggered the destruction of its north flank, letting down the largest landslide in recorded history and a volcanic eruption equal in power to 500 atom bombs (History). As much as a cubic mile of volcanic material shot upward and sideways.The blast traveled at more than 300 miles per hour with temperatures in excess of 600 degrees F, destroying 230 square miles of forest (History).   Within seconds, the trunks of thousands of 150-foot-tall old-growth Douglas firs snapped like toothpi cks. Ash rained down over 22,000 square miles, blew more than 12 miles into the atmosphere and circled the globe in 17 days (History).   When the ash finally cleared up, the mountain was reduced by 1,313 feet (History). Although the Forest Service and local authorities had worked hard to keep people away, 57 were killed.   Rocks, snow and ice roared down the mountain at enormous speeds (sometimes reaching more than 100 miles per hour). Most large animals on the volcano, like mountain goats, black bears, and thousands of elk and deer (even most fish, amphibians, insects and birds), died. (History)Mount St. Helens before the EruptionBefore the eruption of 1980, Mount St. Helens formed an almost perfectly conical, youthful volcano that sometimes was known as the Fuji-san of America (Eruptive History). According to Volcano World’s Eruptive History page, during the 1980 eruption, however, the upper 400 m of the summit was removed by a slope avalanche, leaving a 2 x 3.5 km hors eshoe-shaped crater now partially filled by a lava dome.The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 changed the surrounding environment. Before the eruption, the areas around the mountain were known for its natural beauty. The Spirit Lake basin was said to be coated with ancient trees. The tree rings of these huge 800 year-old trees show evidence of eruptions that date back before the time of the Europeans arrival in the Americas (Biologic History).A few research sites existed before 1980 and they showed a healthy, vigorous forest, growing on the rich volcanic soils typical of the Pacific Northwest (Biologic History). Under the dense canopy, huckleberries, ferns, and mosses grew. A wide variety of animals lived here. Above Spirit Lake, the alpine meadows on the mountain were slowly being overtaken by trees (Biologic History). The alpine meadows supported a wide variety of wildflowers and gnarled trees. Mountain goats were transplanted from the Olympic Peninsula. They were well known fo r their aggressive ways.Sometimes they butted hikers right down the mountain (Biologic History). When people remember Spirit Lake, they always mention how clear it was (Biologic History). Fed by snow and glacial melt, the lake's temperature was normally below 55 degrees Fahrenheit year round (Biologic History). The many types of microscopic plants and animals that fish eat did not do well in this cold water. Because of this, the fish that were stocked never managed to become a self-sustaining population (Biologic History). Some people will tell you that Spirit Lake was overflowing with fish. However, catch records indicate that it was just average for the Northwest. Those who visited Mount St. Helens before 1980, were always impressed by its natural beauty. (Biologic History)Mount St. Helens NowAs amazingly destructive as it was, the May 18, 1980 eruption is just one of many events in the history of Mount St. Helens. Considering the 27 years and renewed volcanic activity, it is surp rising to see how Mount St. Helens continually changes. The past 27 or so years have been characterized by a rebirth.   Within the crater, a new lava dome began rising in 1986, rebuilding the mountain (History).   A new glacier has established itself on the crater floor.  Ã‚   And since early October 2004, a second lava dome has grown at a rate as high as a dump-truck load in volume every second.At this rate, scientists estimate Mount St. Helens could return to its height before the 1980 eruption of 9,677 feet in less than 200 years – less than a blink of the eye in geologic time (History). Remarkably, plant and animal life has revived itself faster than was expected. Beetles were among the earliest animals to return and over 300 kinds now flourish (History). Lupines, members of the pea family, were among the first plants to grow in the deep deposits of volcanic ash.Scientists learned that lupines drive ecological recovery by creating islands of rich nutrients that prom ote establishment of other plant species (History).   Millions of new trees and animal species have also returned to the areas that most of them left in 1980.   Mount St. Helens is back to being a living playground. According to the Mount St. Helens Institute, it has become one of the most  remarkable areas of geological and ecological disturbance and restoration in the world. This country has learned a lot from what happened 27, or so, years ago. We are now better prepared to face another eruption (to avoid the casualties of 1980), and scientists, our other learned friends in different fields of study, and the general public, are coming to experience the remarkable volcano that is Mount St. Helens.The Current EruptionsMount St. Helens came alive again in the fall of 2004 and has continually been erupting. Plenty of news crews and visitors from around the globe have surged to the volcano.   Mount St. Helens has returned to its former grandeur and is now a leading recreationa l area, with more than 500,000 visitors a year. W O R K S  Ã‚   C I T E Dâ€Å"Mount St. Helens.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 22 Apr 2007, 19:46 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Apr 2007 ;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_St._Helens;oldid=124937639;

Identify and describe EA’s value chain and value chain costs

* Discuss whether EA has evolved any of its activities into competencies that give the company a competitive advantage. Value Chain Value Chain describes the activities within and around an organization which together create a product or service. Primary activities are directly concerned with the creation or delivery of a product or service. Support activities help to improve the effectiveness of efficiency of primary activities. (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005) Value Chain in EA for Creating Value Primary Activities In-bounds * EA is able to negotiate volume discounts with console makers (Sony & Nintendo) that supplied the CDs and DVDs. Operations * EA has a virtuous strategy for the game creation and evaluation. * State-of-the-art tools use to allow for more cost-effective product development and to efficiently convert games designed on one game platform to other platforms. (Compatibility of games) * Have a strong relationship with console manufacturers. * Has an edge on its competitors that no other game software company has EA's ability to localize games or to launch games on multiple platforms in multiple countries in multiple languages. * Strong alliance with Cinema, Sports & other entertainment companies. * EA invested heavily in the development of tools and technologies that would facilitate the creation of new games for the existing (and future) game-playing Out-bounds * â€Å"Proud of† games, i.e. family entertainment games for video game consoles, PCs, mobiles, hand held and online. Marketing & Sales * Boost its budgets for marketing and advertising, particularly TV advertising. * Electronic Arts marketing its products worldwide under four brand logos: EA Sports, EA Sports Big, EA Games, and Pogo. (Diversification of games) * Has a good relation with mass market retailers (like Wal-Mart, Toys â€Å"R† Us, Best Buy etc.), getting more shelf space for its games. * EA's games available in approximately 80,000 retail locations worldwide. Services * Manufacturer's guarantee * Launching game patches for extending games including new missions and characters. Support Activities Procurement * License agreements to create software games with the console manufacturers. (Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo etc.) * Agreement with the America Online (AOL), to be exclusive provider of a broad aggregation of online games. Human Resource Management * Focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development. EA invests time and money in training people, and retaining and developing them. * Offer healthy working environment, providing Gym, Sports Pitch, Coffee Bar etc. * Present and former staff has praised Larry Probst's leadership for his ability to motivate and energize people. Infrastructure We can categorize EA's infrastructure in three ways; * Product Structure – Making products for Video consoles, Hand held, Mobile games, and Software games. * Geographical Structure – Two major design studios in Vancouver and Los Angeles and smaller design studios in San Francisco, Orlando, London, and Tokyo. * Functional Structure – Employees tend to be specialist in the business functions important to EA, such as manufacturing, marketing, finance, and human resources. Technology Development * State-of-the-art tools use to allow for more cost-effective product development and to efficiently convert games designed on one game platform to other platforms. * Electronic Arts has a reputation for new product development and creativity. Linkages * License with the console makers for creation of software games and also getting discounted supply of CDs, DVDs or optical disks. * Geographical infrastructure allows EA to localize its games. * Rewording people creates more productivity from the employees From the value chain in EA, it points out that how the value creates and how these activities relate to the cost reduction. EA must keep maintaining and improving these values-create activities. Unique Resources Unique Resources are those resources that critically underpin competitive advantage and that others can not easily imitate or obtain. (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005) The Unique Resources OF EA * Acquisition of design studios world wide, to localize its games. * Heavily invested in R & D, facilitate the creation of new games for the existing and future game-playing * The commonality fleet * EA website – Pogo.com * The motivations among EA staff Core Competence Core competences are the activities and processes through which resources are deployed in such a way as to achieve competitive advantage in ways that others can not imitate or obtain. (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005) Core Competence of Ryanair * The good and long-term relationship with; o Console Manufacturers – Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo o Mass Market Retailers – Wal-Mart, Toys â€Å"R† Us, Best Buy o Cinema, Sports and other entertainment industries o AOL – To operate the games channel online on AOL * Diversification of games * Boost its budgets for marketing and advertising, particularly TV advertising. Dynamic Capabilities Dynamic capabilities are an organization's abilities to develop and change competences to meet the needs of rapidly changing environment Dynamic capabilities of EA * Invested in the development of tools and technologies for creation of games for the â€Å"new class of beast† consoles. * Strategic acquisition of ‘Jamadat' for the rapidly growing business of providing games on mobile phones The Value Network In most industries, it is rather unusual that a single company performs all activities from product design, production of components, and final assembly to delivery to the final user by itself. Most often, organizations are elements of a value system or supply chain. The value network is the set of inter-organizational links are relationships that are necessary to create a product or service. (Source: M.E. Porter) So the production of games not only depends on the EA's Value Chain but also on the suppliers, channels and customer value chains. That when console makers are launching their new consoles; when the retailers have more buying capacity and shelf space and when the product is floating into the customers value chain.

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 35

Reading response - Essay Example In respect to James Winthrop believe, the constitution needs a bill of right, because it will serve different purposes in securing people. Unlike the local laws, a bill of rights will secure the minority against the majoritys tyranny and usurpation. Currently, with the application of the current constitution mankind experience has proved the prevalence of disposition to use and apply power wantonly. As a result, Winthrop sees the need of including bill of rights to defend people from the majority just as protecting the king in a monarchy. Ramsay and Winthrop in elaborating how the principle of representation operates in America differ. Ramsay Winthrop claims that in order to promote people happiness, there should be local laws made by individuals who are subject to them. On the other hand, Ramsay claims that the constitution or the involvement of local laws hinders individual’s freedom because are made on the political

Phenomenology of Death Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Phenomenology of Death - Thesis Example The paper "Phenomenology of Death" analyzes the relationship between the ‘self’ and ‘temporality’ as it explains the notion of Heidegger. The general approach of this paper is to present ‘temporality’ in terms of ‘finitude’ and to define and examine the ‘authentic’ and ‘inauthentic’ modes of selfhood. Heidegger argues that ‘das man’ is ‘being towards death’ and is inauthentic as a result. Those who do not ‘act’ like ‘das man’ are in some sense authentic? This latter point will be taken up in the later half of the following analysis, and it is going to be argued that ‘determining what qualifies as ‘everydayness’ is a very seriously ambiguous notion. This paper will begin with the general discussion of ‘being’ and its opposite, namely, non-being, proceed to a discussion of ‘finitude’ in relation to inauthenticity, and discuss the relationship between an authentic and inauthentic self in relation to the temporality. According to Heidegger, the external world of ‘extension’ or as he states the world of the â€Å"senses† is largely understood as â€Å"quantitative modifications of the modes of extensio itself†. By contrast, the world can be characterized in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. By quantitative, he is implying the basic units of scientific measurement. However, these discrete units of measurement and the application of these as a means of both understanding extension along with distinguishing it from the subject are forms of abstraction.

Sustainable Green Buildings Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainable Green Buildings - Research Proposal Example Additionally, congestion of buildings is a major phenomenon in the modern construction industry, as well as inefficient use of land especially in the urban areas. Completed modern structures are responsible for increased energy consumption, loss of productive agricultural land and soil erosion as a result of runoff. Communities living in these areas are exposed to increased stress resulting from congestion and polluted sewer systems. Indeed, little can be fancied about the modern buildings. The increased negativity in the building industry has prompted leaders in the business to seek measures to curb the problem. Buildings which are environmentally friendly that efficiently and sustainably use natural resources have been researched on. This new concept is referred to as green building, which seeks to solve the problems encountered by the construction business. Structures constructed in this manner are referred to as Sustainable Green Buildings RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH This paper lo oks at the concept of Sustainable Green Buildings, their advantages over the modern form of buildings, products used in construction of sustainable green buildings and how sustainable they are. It will seek to find how people perceive the idea and understand how many people are willing to invest in them. LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of Sustainable Green Buildings Sinha (93) defines green building as the effective and efficient use of materials and products which is directed at reducing the overall environmental impact of the building. Sustainable green buildings refer to housing and architectural structures that are constructed using environmental friendly and resources that ensure efficiency throughout the lifecycle of the building. Successful buildings should be durable, economical, offer comfort and fit for the intended use. The life cycle of a building begins at the sitting design, construction, operation and maintenance of the building, renovation and demolition of a structure. In sustainable buildings, the undertaking of all these processes is expected to be an environmental friendly exercise (Bauer et al. 7). To successfully achieve this, the various teams involved in all stages of the lifecycle of a building should be engaged. Different teams involved in the various stages in the construction of a building include the architectural team, structural designers, contractors, engineers and the client. Designers of green buildings built the concept on minimum disturbance of the topology and the landscape, use of non-toxic materials that are recycled and equally environmental friendly and those that use renewable energy sources. The efficiency use of water is emphasized, while natural sources of green energy such as solar and wind power are being exploited (Furr 56). Materials used in Construction of Sustainable Green Buildings Green products used in the construction industry necessarily do not have to be 100% green. Wood that has been treated with different toxic chemicals to make it durable cannot be referred to as a green product since it has health hazards among the people (Robeznieks 10). Different considerations are made when a product is classified as either green or not. Products that have been salvaged or recycled, such as the agricultural products are regarded as green products as it is economical to recycle products than producing new ones. Products which

Research and statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research and statistics - Essay Example This study would require a random probabilistic sample of patients. Those eligible for participation would be receiving treatment for only one form of cancer, such as breast cancer. The less homogeneity of the IV (i.e. cancer) would help control for a normal population, as well as allow for wider generalisation of the results. The first two items are on Likert scales to provide an indication of the strength of the response. The third item is categorical, and although the level of measurement is low, the data will provide control variables when items 1 and 2 are correlated. Finally, the open question will show patients that their opinions and experiences are valued, and allow them to write in an un-restricted manner. The investigator will have two RAs analyse the texts to determine key themes, and their conclusions will be analysed using inter-rater reliability. The investigator will then draw conclusion from the final themes selected. A random probabilistic sample would be used to recruit the 80 students from a given university. All undergraduates in medicine degrees would be eligible to take part, across genders, ethnicities and ages. The sample will also be stratified by activity habits, with those who regularly take part in 30 minutes or more of structured exercise a day in one group, and those who don't in another. However, to be recruited each student must meet the selection criteria: they do not experience a heart condition; they are not asthmatic; and they are physically able to navigate eight flights of stairs without assistance. Materials A heart rate arm-cuff, which will be calibrated after each participant had had his or her pulse rate recorded. An isolated stairwell

History The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

History The World - Essay Example The establishment of schools and colleges  also played a role in the education of both the Han people and the Islam. The Arab world where Islam started was the originators of the numerical system that is in use in the contemporary world. The art and architecture practiced in these two regions were a way of expressing their religious feeling to a higher authority. Evidently, the Han people just like the Islam used architectural knowledge that was being taught in learning centers to teach people how they were going to express their religious believes to a given authority. Further, the use of art and literature was also area of emphasis in the two religious groups as they used different artistic expressions and literature to teach each other about their faith and practices. The Islamic world has used different forms of art and literature to conserve and teach people about the religious practices that believed to hold the people together. The ground of controversy which can be identified among the Han dynasty is the large number of spirits that they offered sacrifices to. Whereas the Islamic religion offered sacrifices also, it did not have as much spirits as the Han dynasty. Further, the belief in deity among the Han people was lowered to the emperor who was in some cases revered and worshipped just if he were a

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry Assignment

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry - Assignment Example This process follows a number of steps but depending on the urgency of the required goods or services, some organizations may choose to make their procurement routes less lengthy and less tedious. Conventionally, procurement entails everything that is done within the complete acquisition of goods and services i.e. from preparation and dispensation of a requisition form through to the receipt of goods or services and the approval of the invoice for payment (White, 1996: pp. 242-3). Procurement often follows ten major steps: planning for purchase of goods or services, determination of the specific standards desired in the goods and services, development of finer specifications on the goods and services, doing extensive research on possible suppliers and selecting one supplier, conducting value analysis, determining the financing of the purchase e.g. whether to take a loan or use money in the company's bank account, negotiating the price, making the purchase, administration of the supply contract, controlling inventories and stores to guard against diversion and finally, the eventual disposals if any. Generally, the process is lengthy because of need for quality goods and/or services from competitive suppliers at competitive prices. The rules governing the process need to be followed strictly because the process o procurement has been identified as the key and major gateway for embezzlement and misappropriation of company funds and other corrupt deals. Each industry has its own procurement regulations and the whole process of procurement is structured to fit the nature of the industry's operations. For example, if an industry requires goods and services to be delivered urgently, then the process is likely to be made short. Taking the construction industry as our working example, this paper seeks to highlight the process of procurement in this industry with special emphasis on the particular types of procurement routes in the construction industry. The construction industry deals with the provision of a number of goods and services. It deals with the building of new structures such as schools, churches, factories, apartments, houses, offices, factories, roads and even bridges. Apart from building of the aforementioned structures, the industry also engages in preparation of the building or construction site, modification and annexing of existing structures and the maintenance and repair of the already existing structures. Therefore, the constructors are usually contracted to carry out any of the activities. The contract may involve the design alone, the design and building or even the management of the construction process carried out by other constructors. The way of contracting these constructors to carry out any of the services may be termed as routes of procurement. There are three main routes of procurement: Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement, Design and Build Procurement and Management Procurement . Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement is a very common procurement route for most small and medium sized projects such as the construction of a school. The client in this kind of procurement route first contracts consultant(s). The consultant(s) design and lay down all the exact specifications on how the construction is supposed to be carried out. After the consultants have completed their job, the client then proceeds to contract a

Urban Sprawl Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Urban Sprawl Analysis - Research Paper Example Suburbanization is defined as â€Å"a process involving the systematic growth of fringe areas at a pace more rapid than that of core cities, as a lifestyle involving a daily commute to jobs in the center†. Suburban life is characterized by the icon of the ‘soccer mom,’ whose life is spent in her minivan as she shuttles her child to and from activities, while they await the arrival of the suburban dad, whose commute to work takes him away from the center of family life. When you understand our history, the attraction to the suburbs is clear. We’ve long been driven to own and improve upon land. Cronon writes of the colonists’ argument for taking land from the Native Americans: â€Å"their supposed failure to ‘improve’ that land was a token not of their chosen way of life, but of their laziness† (55). We’re infused with the notion that land is not precious unless someone owns and builds something on it. Beyond that, we have begun to associate owning single-family residences in the suburbs with moral superiority. In Russell Conwell’s popular lecture, â€Å"Acres of Diamonds,† he asserts: â€Å"drive me out into the suburbs of Philadelphia, and introduce me to the people who own their own homes around this great city†¦and I will introduce you to the very best people in character as well as enterprise in this city†¦ A man is not really a true man until he owns his own home† ... We worship the new, the exclusive, and the private. Our sprawl entails new buildings where people flee to avoid looking at the old buildings they abandoned. The cost of such configuration, however, is quite high. It costs not only in dollars and cents, but resources, and socio-culturally as well. Sprawl is costly in terms of dollars and cents. Burchell points out that there is a budget â€Å"deficit projected under the sprawl growth scenario† (80). Local governments begin to strain under the burden of maintaining existing structures while providing new roads and services to new buildings. Suburban sprawl is extremely costly in terms of our natural resources. â€Å"In the decade between 1982 and 1992, over 13 million acres in the 48 contiguous states of the United States and Hawaii changed from forests, fields, and rangeland to urban use† (qtd. in Pendall 555). There is a finite amount of resources and sprawl does not make efficient use of them. Hayden elaborates on spra wl as â€Å"careless new use of land and other resources as well as abandonment of older built areas† (7). Something sprawl takes from the individual is the sense of community. â€Å"A cost of development that is truly impossible to measure is how much a neighborhood, town, or city contributes to or denies people a sense of place and community† (Burchell 110). Suburban sprawl creates homogenous spaces that lack character or uniqueness. People come and go in their cars and neighborly bonds are often simply not formed. Part of the reason is that suburban spaces are built around automobiles. Hayden refers to the tract-housing, common to suburban developments, as â€Å"automobile-oriented buildings† (8). Rather than being able to

Credit Card Essay Example for Free

Credit Card Essay Credit card has undoubtedly made our lives easy but it is important that you use credit cards in the right way so that you can make the most of it without getting caught in the credit trap. All you have to do is to keep a track of your purchases, remember you payment cycles, try to settle full credit card payments at the end of every month, avoid spending in excess and carry your cards cautiously. If handled properly, credit cards can serve to be very convenient but they can also lead you to a huge debt if misused. So just play carefully with the tiny plastic thing that is placed in your wallet.

Death of a Salesman Analysis | American Dream

Death of a Salesman Analysis | American Dream The American dream is a term that was first coined by James Adams in his book The Epic of America written in 1931. The American dream is a dream of a land where life is better and richer for everyone else. Where there is opportunity for each according to here ability and achievements. It its a dream of a social order where man and woman shall be able to the maximum stature that they are inherently capable of, to which they will be identified by others for what they are irrespective of the accidental circumstances brought about by birth or social position. The dream is a national ethos of America where the ideals of democracy are used as a premise for prosperity and the idea of the dream is rooted in the second sentence of the declaration of independence which states all men are created equal and they are endowed by the creator with certain alienable rights including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This are deemed to be the foundation of the American dream. The dream today has become the pursuit of material prosperity that has seen many people working two jobs to achieve this dream. But have less time to enjoy their prosperity. In America today the dream is represented by the a ability to buy motor cars and a home(s)- seen as status symbol that separates the middle class from the poor to which the dream is far from their grasp. Traditionally Americans have sought to achieve the dream through hard work and saving. But in the 19th and 20th centuries of industrialization has seen the philosophy being eroded by the schemes of get rich quick through a variety of seductive and elusive strategies. The major avenues to achieving the American ream today include large prized television shows, big jack pot lotteries and compensation lawsuit. Yet to some Americans they see the dream as living a simple fulfilling life that has less focus on financial gain and materialism. (b) Death of a Salesman This is a 1949 play that was written in Arthur miller. It records the life of Willy Loman the main character who is a traveling sales man and has worked at his dead end job for thirty years without success. It characterizes tragedy as the down fall of a great man- miller Loman (low man). The play won the Tony award and the Pulitzer Prize for drama the play has been seen as an attack on the American dream and it seems to criticize the notion that greatness comes from fame or personal charm. It also signifies the importance of one knowing himself as a prerequisite to success. This essay will analyze the meaning of the American dream; for each of the main characters in The Death of a Salesman. AMERICAN DREAM IN THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN. Willy Loman, Biff Loman and Happy Loman He is 60 years old and he has not achieved nor fulfilled the dreams that he had for himself or his family. They live in a small apartment in New York and his wife has seen his work go unrewarded over the years. The sales firm that he is working for does not pay him salaries any longer but pays him commission. Working on these straight commissions has rendered him not able to bring home enough money to pay the bills. For thirty for years in the firm they have used him and discarded him. This has lead to Mr. Willy taking his frustration on his family. This has seen Lucia experiencing the torment that her husband is going through. She has to silently deal with her husbands outburst and she shares with her husbands longings for success but she can not bring herself to tell him that those dreams are not possible to achieve at his age. Instead, she continuous to fan his delusions of success and greatness. The story of will loman shows what happens when the American dream fails to materiali ze and subsequently dies. The denial by Willy loman leads to suffering of himself and his family internally and externally. Willy Loman saga indicates what happens to an individual when the American dream dies. The denial on the part of the dreamer usually leads to internal and external suffering. Willy thinks about the missed opportunities that he has had in his life. Like his brother he could have gone to Africa or Alaska and come back home with riches at one time he had been offered a chance to be a partner in his brothers firm but he refused and chose the life that he has. This signifies the modern way that the American looks at the dream through savings and hard work to which Willy thought he could be successful in it. Although he ha s a vehicle and a house, Willy shifts the blame on his failure to succeed on others and himself and denies his role as to why he hasnt achieved his dream. His lack of fulfillment is as a result of his two sons Happy and Biff who are in there mid 30 s but neither seems to have put there life in order. The death of the American dream in him is seen by the way the sons are living. Happy a perennial ignored child has immersed himself in the company of women. He has a steady job but keeps promising his parents that he is going to settle down and get married bit the contrary is true. He is not going far in business and his goal seems to be that of sleeping with as many women as possible. On the other hand, Biff was a star football player in high school and won scholarships to two major universities. He failed in maths in his senior year and was not allowed to graduate. An attempt to correct the fail in summer was curtailed by his fathers in fidelity that changed his fathers view and the view of the world. He became disillusioned and traverses the country jumping from one job to the other toiling on the farms and trenches and was even jailed once for stealing a suit. He is more likeable than Happy (to mean the literal happy) but when ever he returns home for a visit, he and his father end up in a quarrel. The father wants him to make it big but bill seems incapable of taking up a white collar job. He engages in a monologue where he tells himself that he has always made a point of not wasting his life but every time he comes back home he inertly knows that he has wasted himself. (pg 23). He sees himself as failure headed the same road as his father. To him the American dream is to live a simple, quiet and fulfilling life that has less focus on financial gain and materialism not the working in a 9-5 office job that emphasizes money, car and a house. His coming home has resulted into problems being experienced. At the end of the play we see Biff finally seeing the truth and the realization that he is not a dime a dozen nor a great leader of men something that infuriates the father. His fathers death confirms to him the illusions that his father was living in, but he is no longer struggling to understand what he wan ts in life. Both brothers are in there mid thirties. The life of Willy Loman is full of past regrets and undying hopes. As he is growing older, he has trouble distinguishing between the reality and illusion. He is often lost in flashback where the story is mostly told. A clear sign that he is suffering from the Alzheimer syndrome, to which his family was late in detecting. The flash back is generally during the summer after Biffs senior year in school when all of the family problems started. He has had affairs with women where he is caught with Bill during one of his sales trips. Because he is mental sick and physically wasted, he is continuously trying to kill himself but in public he portrays himself as a prominent sales man and brags about the cities that he has visited. On page 62 we see him shouting Call out the name Willy Loman and see what happens! Big shot! yet he denies the fact that all those years he has not progressed and that everyone looks at him as a joke. When his fa mily piece up the attempted suicide they realize that its part of the failure on him to realizing his dreams-the American dream. Willy Loman is a common man (low man), and he is used by the author to show that tragedy can also befell the common person. The author has used the book to criticize the corporate world of America that is notorious for using people and discarding them when they have become useless. Willy Loman successful neighbor has continuously offered him a job which he has continuously refused and despite the fact that he has several options to choose from which can give him a new lease of life he decides to choose suicide. Willy can not let go off his old scoured dreams. At the end of the play we see is loyal wife sitting by his grave yard/side where she ca not comprehend why he took his life. Buit Willy took his life so that he can provide his family with money from the insurance corporation ($20000) which they can use to start a new life. This represents one of the ways that the American society uses to get rich quick and hence achieve the American dream- through massive pay out of the insurance compensation lawsuits. Linda and Charlie. Linda is Willys wife while Charlie is Willys neighbor who has a successful sales firm. The two are the voice of reason in the play as Linda is the arbiter of peace in the family as she is the mediator between the sons and the father. The conflict between them is their failure according to their father to find a good job, settle down (own a house and a car), and have a family. she is the protector of Willy whom she understands as tired and at the end of his rope-life which is ringing up a zero to her she views freedom as an escape from debt and the total ownership of the material and wealth that symbolizes success and stability what in today in America is used to judge ones attainment of the Americans dream. Willys obsession on the American dream has weighed heavily on her living her internally conflicted, she has managed to keep her emotional stability intact. She foresees the tragic end of her husband with clarity. Charlie has on several occasions tried to set Willy on the path to s uccess. His successful firm indicates that he has achieved the American dream. His assessment of Willys situation is logical and rational. He recognizes Willys financial failures and offers him a job although he doesnt like him much. Bernard and Uncle Ben. Bernard is Charlies good son who was a child hood friend of Biff. He was hardworking always studied and eventually became a successful lawyer. This is another clear example of the American dream being attained through hard work and maximization of an opportunity basing on ones capability those results to a better life. Will finds this success difficult to deal with. We see Bernard arguing a case at the end of the play. Uncle Ben is Willys dead brother who went to Africa and made it big in the diamonds mines of Africa. He was rich and successful that showed him to have attained the American dream. CONCLUSION The death of a sales man is an attack on the idea of the American dream, showing that it is not always successful i.e. it has a darker side. It also shows that common people also suffer from downfalls which are just as steep as those of people with high status. When people live in denial and do not realize there role in the failure of their dreams to materialize, it in most cases becomes detrimental to themselves. Death of the sales man is an antithesis of the happy endings to the fulfillment of the American dream.

Performance Assesments Essay -- essays papers

Performance Assesments Due to the implementation of this new law, states are required to annually test all students in public schools. Anthony Rebora (2004) states that â€Å"by the 2005-2006 school years, states must begin testing students in grades 3-8 in the areas of reading, math, and writing† (p. 1). In the 2007-2008 school years, science will be added in to the testing material. The tests must meet the requirements of the states academic standards. They are supposed to bring all students up to the proficient level on their assessments by the 2013-2014 school years. Rebora (2004) also observed that the academic content and achievement standards define what all children should know in order to be considered proficient in each state (p. 2). These state assessments are a mechanism for checking whether schools have been successful in teaching students the knowledge and skills characterized by the content standards. In an article, titled â€Å"test and punish† in NEA Today, â€Å"the number of schools that missed Adequate Yearly Progress for two or more years reached 6, 794 or 12 percent of the schools in those states† (Lochert, 2004, p. 10). Although former Education Secretary, Rod Paige believes that results show that No Child Left Behind is working and test scores are rising, other officials say that the credit associated with the rising scores go to other factors. These factors include, teaching students test taking skills, the new regulations that permit some to exempt some students’ scores, and there are more students taking the required tests. In previous years, some schools were labeled inadequate because not enough students took the assessments. (Toppo, 2004) It has become largely popular for teachers to focus more on... ...ents being able to interact with their environment. Lochert, K. (2004, November). Test and Punish. NEA Today, 10. This article talks about Adequate Yearly Progress. The standards that each school must meet to comply with the No Child Left Behind Law. It gives statistics that attempt to show that many schools will not reach the goal. Schemo, D. J. (2004, March 25). 14 States Ask U.S. to Revise Some Education Law Rules. The New York Times. There are many states that disagree with the law and feel that its requirements are far too strict. This article explains why the states think the law is unfair. They feel that any progress in the academic rates or proficiencies of students should be more important than ensuring that one hundred percent of students are at a sufficient level by a certain date. They signed a letter asking for it to be redesigned.

Schone Madonna :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schone Madonna is a German term meaning â€Å"Beautiful Madonna†. This image possibly originated as a response to new ways to practice religion, and in particular, worship of the Virgin in a more personal manner. Three examples of this representation include the Roudnice Madonna, the Madonna of Krumau, and the Jihlava Pieta.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roudnice Madonna, a 35 1/2† x 26 1/4† panel constructed in approximately 1400, effectively shows the focus on amore soft and attractive Mary than seen in previous depictions. Using chiaroscuro, the artist modeled a beautiful face for the Virgin. The Christ child is more at ease than ever, relaxing comfortably with his mother. The drapery of the Virgin’s gown, similarly seen on the statues of this type, are full and rhythmic, extending to the wrist. This image of Mary is considered to be the finest image developed by the Bohemian sculptors, likely created for South Bohemian courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This new Madonna developed roots from the intense level of worship for the Virgin Mary at this time in history in Europe. There was a new desire to show this idol as a beautiful princess, not as a humble servant or out-of-reach queen. The Schone Madonna became the Bohemian feminine ideal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three basic prototypes for the â€Å"Beautiful Madonna†, Krumau, Thorn, and Breslau, are all very similar, with graceful postures, made of the same material, approximately the same height, and around the same time period. Of these, the Madonna of Krumau is considered the best and most famous. A stone sculpture, 4’3†, dating to approximately 1390-1400, it was created by a Bohemian artist who focused on Schone Madonna figures. This piece â€Å"embodies the beau ideal as the chaste princess of the Late Gothic age.† (p.31 textbook) Mary has a poised head on a long neck emerging from narrow shoulders, with a charming face and high forehead. Her long fingers gently, but firmly grasp her young son, while he makes eye contact with the viewer. The Madonna’s drapery is poetic in abstraction, a Schone Madonna style characteristic. The gentle â€Å"S† curve of her body allows for elegant cascades of draped cloth. (p. 31 textbook)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jihlava Pieta was sculpted of stone by a Bohemian artist around 1400-1410. This composition is formed by a seated Madonna, and the diagonal is marked by a rigid Christ. (p. 32 textbook) Mary almost looks happy to see her once suffering son dead, and this is somewhat disturbing. Schone Madonna :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schone Madonna is a German term meaning â€Å"Beautiful Madonna†. This image possibly originated as a response to new ways to practice religion, and in particular, worship of the Virgin in a more personal manner. Three examples of this representation include the Roudnice Madonna, the Madonna of Krumau, and the Jihlava Pieta.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roudnice Madonna, a 35 1/2† x 26 1/4† panel constructed in approximately 1400, effectively shows the focus on amore soft and attractive Mary than seen in previous depictions. Using chiaroscuro, the artist modeled a beautiful face for the Virgin. The Christ child is more at ease than ever, relaxing comfortably with his mother. The drapery of the Virgin’s gown, similarly seen on the statues of this type, are full and rhythmic, extending to the wrist. This image of Mary is considered to be the finest image developed by the Bohemian sculptors, likely created for South Bohemian courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This new Madonna developed roots from the intense level of worship for the Virgin Mary at this time in history in Europe. There was a new desire to show this idol as a beautiful princess, not as a humble servant or out-of-reach queen. The Schone Madonna became the Bohemian feminine ideal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three basic prototypes for the â€Å"Beautiful Madonna†, Krumau, Thorn, and Breslau, are all very similar, with graceful postures, made of the same material, approximately the same height, and around the same time period. Of these, the Madonna of Krumau is considered the best and most famous. A stone sculpture, 4’3†, dating to approximately 1390-1400, it was created by a Bohemian artist who focused on Schone Madonna figures. This piece â€Å"embodies the beau ideal as the chaste princess of the Late Gothic age.† (p.31 textbook) Mary has a poised head on a long neck emerging from narrow shoulders, with a charming face and high forehead. Her long fingers gently, but firmly grasp her young son, while he makes eye contact with the viewer. The Madonna’s drapery is poetic in abstraction, a Schone Madonna style characteristic. The gentle â€Å"S† curve of her body allows for elegant cascades of draped cloth. (p. 31 textbook)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jihlava Pieta was sculpted of stone by a Bohemian artist around 1400-1410. This composition is formed by a seated Madonna, and the diagonal is marked by a rigid Christ. (p. 32 textbook) Mary almost looks happy to see her once suffering son dead, and this is somewhat disturbing.

Building Classroom Discipline Essay -- Education School Classroom Teac

In the past few years it seems that schools have really lost touch with the discipline of students. With the increasing frequency of school shootings and acts of violence it seems that the students are running the show instead of the teachers and administrators. There are many factors that are involved in creating a great classroom or a horrible classroom. From the way the teachers punish misbehaving students or the way they reward them when they do something right, to how involved the parents are with their children's education. The purpose of this paper is to explain how classroom management, when used effectively by the teacher, can produce an excellent learning environment for students. According to C.M. Charles, the author of "Building Classroom Discipline," the definition of discipline is, "what teachers do to help students behave acceptably in school (1999,p3)." Discipline is associated to misbehavior, wherever misbehavior is found, and discipline is needed. The main goals of discipline are to prevent, suppress and redirect misbehavior. Students can also be cruel and disruptive, which can deny the purpose of learning in the classroom. Another goal of discipline is to help students control their own behavior in and outside the classroom (Charles, 1999). My own definition of discipline is using any means necessary to keep a classroom organized, productive and accessible for learning. Discipline is necessary in a classroom, to give students an opportunity to learn to there fullest. Without discipline, the classroom would be a place where teachers could not perform their job but a place for them to baby-sit misbehaved children. Teacher quality is the most important issue when dealing with how effective a classroom will ... ...dents have the ability to learn to their fullest potential. When the environment is not controlled it is not a healthy place for kids to learn, it seems more like a day care while parents are at work. Another is having a relationship outside the classroom with students. Being involved in their life both academically and personally increases the trust and respect from a student toward the teacher. Most students go through stages as they become older. If there are misbehaved students it is important to remember that it is common to find students that are rebels. It is important to work with the students instead of just giving them to someone else to deal with. They are just looking for some attention and they want people to notice them and like them. If a teacher follows some of the thing mentioned earlier, they it will create a healthy, happy and vigorous classroom.

Sales Project Report on Wall”S

WALL'S Introduction: Wall’s was bought by Mac fisheries in 1920 – who then sold Wall’s to Lever Brothers in 1922. In 1922 by the 1950s, wartime rationing produced a big appetite for ice cream – sales reached ? 46 million by 1959 and Wall’s opened a large ice cream factory in Gloucester. Supermarkets began to stock ice creams in addition to small high street shops. Market research in the 1970s showed that practically everyone loved ice cream. Wall’s ice cream started production. Wall’s ice cream introduced in 1995 in Pakistan under unilever brand.Unilever is one of the biggest brands in Pakistan and 56 other brands are registered under unilever brand. â€Å"Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere†. It is the world number 1 in ice-cream, margarine, and tea-based beverages; also in personal wash, prestige fragrances and deodorants. Unilever's packaged foods business is the world's third largest after Nestle and Kraft. Yet a t the same time, the group has pruned its portfolio by 75%, disposing of some regional products and rebranding others in order to concentrate on a smaller roster of global power brands.Advertising Age estimated global measured advertising expenditure of $3. 5bn in 2004 making Unilever the worlds number 3 advertisers. ?Founded 1930 ?Employees 350,000 ?Sales $25. 3 Billion ?Profits $982 Million ?Headquarters London, England and Rotterdam the Netherlands ? 3d-largest company in Britain ?World’s largest margarine producer ?World’s largest soap and detergent maker ?World’s largest maker of packaged tea ?World’s largest ice cream maker ?World’s 3rd-largest advertiser ?World’s 16th –largest industrial company ?Rank World’s largest consumer products companyUnilever is one of the world's leading food companies. â€Å"Our passion for understanding what people want and need from their food – and what they love about it – ma kes our brands a popular choice†. In the late 19th century the businesses that would later become Unilever were among the most philanthropic of their time. They set up projects to improve the lot of their workers and created products with a positive social impact, making hygiene and personal care commonplace and improving nutrition through adding vitamins to foods that were already daily staples.The decade starts with the launch of Path to Growth, a five-year strategic plan, and in 2004 further sharpens its focus on the needs of 21st century-consumers with its Vitality mission. Ice cream is made from milk, fat and sugar. These are cooled as they are mixed, then whipped to create a light, airy texture. Flavourings, fruit or chocolate are added then the whole mixture is frozen again before packaging. Walls have been continuously adding new products to its range. As a result Walls has registered a significant increase in its sale volume during the last ten years in Pakistan. Miss ion Statement Unilever’s mission is to add vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. † Wall's Polka Acquisition In 1994 Lever Brothers Pakistan tried to acquire Polka Ice Cream for Rs 600 million. Polka refused the bid, demanding instead Rs. 1 billion. One year after the launch of Wall's Ice Cream by Lever Brothers in 1995, Polka approached Wall's with an offer to merge the two companies. In 1998 Polka merged into Walls both combined with one and other. After the merging they are working together for last 7 years.On Polka packaging there is a brand mark of Walls ice cream. Wall’s has a 28% share in the ice cream market; 25% of which comes from the take home range and 64% of the impulse range – the highest in the entire industry. Taste the fun side of life Mention ice cream and most people think of the Heart brand. The brand with the big red h eart logo is behind many much-loved ice cream classics – from indulgent treats like Magnum and Cornetto. Making you happy Few foods are guaranteed to put a smile on people's faces like ice cream. But while ice cream should always be fun, we've an ever-growing range of lower fat, lower sugar products.Heart brand now provides lighter versions for those watching the calories and smaller sizes for smaller appetites, as well old favorites – there's something for everyone Some ice creams are best as an occasional indulgence, but others can be a regular treat, and eaten sensibly, ice cream can be part of a healthy balanced diet. Heart brand is developing products that are lower in fat, sugar-free, lactose-free, as well as low-crab options and those with more nutritional ‘goodies' like calcium and fruit. Key facts †¢ Unilever is the world's biggest ice cream manufacturer, with an annual turnover of â‚ ¬5 billion. Heart brand products are sold in more than 40 coun tries. The Heart brand operates under different names in different markets (Wall's in the UK and most parts of Asia, Algida in Italy, Langnese in Germany, Kibon in Brazil, and Ola in the Netherlands). Ice cream is an impulse buying product it is related to happiness, fun and togetherness. Ice cream is a frozen product made from a combination of milk products and eggs, sugar dextrose corn syrup etc. It was once considered a sophisticated item of food is now becoming increasingly popular among the people.There are small, medium and large manufacturers of ice cream in Pakistan. Walls have divided the ice-cream products into three main categories. 1. impulse item 2. In home 3. bulk pack Impulse Item Impulse items are produce especially for kids and teenagers. KIDS: It includes Rocket, Twister, Bigger Three, and Vanilla cup, Rainbow Berry Dip and Choc Dip which are for kids. SLOGAN: All Action All Wall’s TEENAGERS: It includes jet sport, Kings Kulfa , Mango Kings KulfaVanilla, and Choc Bar, Cornetto, Pop cone,Chocolate Passion, Magnum, and Feast SLOGAN: All Hearts All Walls’. IN HOME:In home ice cream products are especially designed For family and adults which includes liter and half liter packs also Have half and full packs. It includes Tutti Fruity, Cassatta, Kings Kulfa, Mango, Chocolate chip and many more. BULK PACK: These are for dealers and hotels and Wall’s providing in large Or big quantity in the form of big packs. Wall’s deal with Pizza Hut, McDonalds, major shopping centers, stores, vendor. Annual Growth Rate: 13. 37% is annual growth rate of the wall’s company And wall’s ice creams remain the best. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: †¢ Strong brand equity. Quality product Larger dealers network Country wide availability †¢ Production under Unilever brand is one of the biggest strength for company †¢ Innovative (using latest technology for the manufacturing of the ice cream and all system is computerized) à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Unique innovative packing Weaknesses: †¢ Perception about the company is that it is specially made for high class consumers. This perception is affecting company image although Wall’s is making ice cream for every class and they have those products which are ranging from 5 to 30 which can be affordable for the poor people. Weather barrier is also the factor which is affecting the production of the ice cream and can be taken as a weakness for the Wall’s †¢ Product price high with respect to the competitor in some flavors Opportunities: †¢ Range of the products can be increased especially for the kids †¢ Kids are the big opportunities for the company †¢ Increase in the population †¢ Unilever brand is the big opportunity for the Wall’s as it is well known internationally Threats: †¢ If any multinational company launch ice-cream product then it will be a big threat for the company but up till now company is not facing any ki nd of threat Selling Techniques: – Let people know you sell ice cream Show customers and passersby that you sell ice cream by displaying POS items such as pavement signs, flags and waste bins outside your store. This may result in further impulse buys, growing your overall business. 2 – Keep your cabinet clean and full Only 50% of intended ice cream purchases result in a sale due to unappealing cabinets. Check your stock regularly and clean and defrost your cabinet to attract more sales and keep running costs down. 3 – Stock the best sellersStock the best selling brands in each of 4 segments – chocolate snacks, cones, adult refreshment and kids – to make it easier for your customers to find what they want 4 – Make your cabinet easy to find Place your cabinet in a high traffic flow area near to the till and ideally amongst other impulse products. 5 – Draw attention to your cabinet Use indoor POS items such as freezer display boards, ba sket labels and cabinet stickers to make your cabinet stand out. 6 – Stock ice cream all your round A third of all ice cream sales are made during the winter months, so stock up now and don’t miss out. Distribution: ne of the competitive advantage of WALL'S is its availabilty, which is ensured by extensive distribution. The distribution of icecream is different from other products. To keep it in a good form it must be chilled at appropriate temprature. For thid purpose deep freezers are used, which are provided by the company. However the running costs are to be paid by the retailer. For this purpose walls gives a margin of 18% to its retailerdistributors, which is distributed over entire channel. Pakistan is divided in three major sections. These are as follows: 1) North ( Islamabad, Peshawar, Northren Areas) 2) Central Central Punjab and Lahore) 3) South ( Sindh and Balochistan) Disribution Channel: Distribution is making the product available but this availablity sh ould ensure that product must be: 1- At right place 2- At right time 3- In right condition WALL'S have a hybrid distribution system. It reaches different customers with different systems. WALL'S is using two types of ditribution channels, both are indirect channels. Producer Distributor Retailer Consumer Retailer|Security forthe freezers|Investment onIce cream products|Board for advertisement|Total investment required| Others|15000|12-15,000|3000|30,000|WALL’S|Nil|12-15,000|Nil|15,000| Promotional Strategies: Promotional strategies of WALL’s ice-cream is consistent. It uses Pull strategy for promoting its product because WALL’s spent a lot on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand. Promotional Budget One of the hardest marketing decisions facing a company is how much to spend on promotion. How des a company decide on its promotion budget: WALL’s ice-cream uses Objective-and-Task Method to set its budget for promotional activities.T his budgeting method entails (1) defining specific promotion objectives, (2) determining the tasks needed to achieve these objectives, and (3) estimating the cost of performing these tasks. The sum of these costs is the proposed promotion budget. Wall’s determine its specific tasks to achieve its objectives which are defined by the company’s management, to achieve these objectives WALL’s estimates the costs of different tasks, which are to be done to promote its products. 1. Promotional Objectives Promotional objectives of the WALL’s ice-cream are as follows Inform Persuade RemindCompanies inform the people when they don’t know about the product, persuasion takes place when people already know about the product and company forces them to buy the product and when companies is selling enough quantities of a product it reminds consumers about the product to keep the sales at the same level in future. Promotion is important for firms in many ways. It h elps to establish image of product, which the manufacture wants to portray, and also the personality of product. It informs the people, creates awareness and helps in positioning and repositioning of the product.With promotional tools company can tell about the availability of product, company can justify prices or can communicate the features of the product. WALL’S is not promoting its products individually because WALL’S believe that the high quality it is providing through its products are more than sufficient to prove its identity. We believe that now there is a need for WALL’S to promote its products separately as international competition is coming as well. 2. Tasks Selection of different promotional tools advertising and media schedules and what types of message are delivered to the target audience. WALL’s uses Advertising and Sales Promotion. . Cost/Budget Estimated budget of WALL’s of promotion is Rs. 2. 5 million (est. ) Promotional Tools 1. ADVERTISEMENT WALL’S is creating awareness about its new products such as supper Cornetto, Carte DOR for this purpose it is using huge signboards on the major square of the cities and more importantly both the print and electronic media for advertisement and for that it is following AIDA model.  · Awareness The WALL’S uses print and electronic media plus the signboards initially just to create awareness and knowledge about its new product as these days it is giving A lot of adds of both of its newly launched producs Super Cornetto. Interest: As the public gets awareness of the produces of WALL’S the next step is to create interest among the target buyers about the product which is again done through advertisement.  · Desire: The WALL’S create curiosity among the customers and transform that curiosity into the desire of the product.  · Action: Finally to make the customer purchase the product this is the final thing to be done in model. The WALLà ¢â‚¬â„¢S follows a sequential pattern through which it strengthens its newly launched products. Or to put in another way, the concept can be very well understood with the help of the above given building blocks: InformPersuade Remind Companies inform the people when they don’t know about the product, persuasion takes place when people already know about the product and company forces them to buy the product and when companies is selling enough quantities of a product it reminds consumers about the product to keep the sales at the same level in future. Promotion is important for firms in many ways. It helps to establish image of product, which the manufacture wants to portray, and also the personality of product. It informs the people, creates awareness and helps in positioning and repositioning of the product.With promotional tools company can tell about the availability of product, company can justify prices or can communicate the features of the product. WALL’S is no t promoting its products individually because WALL’S believe that the high quality it is providing through its products are more than sufficient to prove its identity. We believe that now there is a need for WALL’S to promote its products separately as international competition is coming as well. The theme of advertisement varies with the product image and positioning. But walls follow the same theme internationally.The advertisements run on TV are made in foreign countries. The objectives of advertising are the three basic ones which include informing, persuading and reminding about different brands of walls. WALL’S have used all sorts of mediums of mass communication and one to one bases. The mediums used in WALL’S promotional activities are:  · TV  · Billboards  · News papers  · Magazines  · Radio  · Banners  · Pamphlets  · Stands in shops  · Shop boards  · Sponsorships of pop stars, actors, models  · Event arrangements  · Bus S top Board Ads  · Fun carnival carried out in different parks such as Racecourse Park 2.SALES PROMOTION WALL’S has been going a number of sales promotion activities like the: 1- Cycling System: WALL’S started its cycling system for awareness but after that its task was modified into doing sales promotions for the company. And also cycling system has proved excellent in terms of sales and promotion. 2- Discount Coupons: WALL’S launches very low price products for the purpose of both market expansion and sales promotion. Like Solo for Rs. 2 and Liter pack for Rs. 45 was also to boost sales. 3- Discounts and Offerings: Wall’s offered 5% discount in off-season. 3. Public RelationsFor strengthening itself in relationship markets WALL’S is not only going for customer satisfaction but also stressing upon building strong public relations. For example, under the umbrella of Unilever, WALL’S has been trying to part in charity activities and also to s tay in front in national and religion events. For instance events like Valentines Day. WALL’S uses such occasions to not only promote its sales but also to build strong public relationships through sponsoring events on this day. Moreover, it has recently started organizing colorful Fun Carnivals too, which is totally a family affair.This is just an instance WALL’S tries to gain maximum of such opportunities. 1. Customers Price discounts Quantity discounts 2. Distributors Shares 50% of the distributors' expenses Off season discounts: 5% 3. Retailers Free freezers to retailers Investment on each retailer: Rs. 22,000 Free freezers’ maintenance 4. Street Vendors Free Trikes To strengthen its relationship with the various public and customers WALL’s sponsors an Art exibition. Hierarchy of Marketing Department (sales force) National/Country marketing (sales) manager ? Zonal sales manager Area/territory sales manager ? Sales officer ?Our Suggestions: REFERENCES 1. www. wallspakistan. com[->0] 2. www. unilever. com[->1] 3. www. yummy. com. pk[->2] 4. www. unilver. co. uk[->3] 5. www. walls. co. uk[->4] 6. www. yahoo. com[->5] 7. www. google. com[->6] ? [->0] – http://www. wallspakistan. com/ [->1] – http://www. unilever. com/ [->2] – http://www. yummy. com. pk/ [->3] – http://www. unilver. co. uk/ [->4] – http://www. walls. co. uk/ [->5] – http://www. yahoo. com/ [->6] – http://www. google. com/

Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34

This is a soliloquy, designed to reveal Brutus' thinking and feelings, and also to give the audience a chance to judge his motives. By delaying the action of the play, it increases suspense as the audience enter the mind of a killer and his plotting. Throughout his speech, rhythm, rhyme, repetition and imagery are used to reveal Brutus' need to justify himself. The whole speech is in iambic pentameter. Iambs occur when, of two syllables, only the second is stressed. Here, â€Å"death† is most stressed, followed by â€Å"must†. Must† and â€Å"death† contain hard-hitting consonants (â€Å"t† and â€Å"d†) and the combination, along with â€Å"must†, sounds threatening, intent and violent. This rhythmic effect in the first clause sounds determined and final – so why does Brutus run on? The colon before â€Å"and, for my part† suggests that he feels he needs an explanation for this decision, one that he can justify in â€Å"general† terms (meaning for the general good of the people), if not on a â€Å"personal† level, why he is, quite definitely, going to kill Caesar. The iambic rhythm set up so far is interrupted by lines 2 and 3, with â€Å"personal† and â€Å"general† going from one stressed followed by two unstressed, creating a trickling sound, and supporting a very thoughtful tone. One can feel that Brutus is just trying to persuade himself that killing Caesar will look like the right thing to do, once he can find a story to justify it. It's not a vicious tone of a murderer – and that makes it all the more chilling, as we feel that Caesar's life is being weighed in this man's hands. The repeated last syllable is situated in the same place in both lines, creating rhyme. At first, it seems that Brutus values the â€Å"personal† friendship with, and knowledge of, Caesar above the â€Å"general† – but as he continues, the echo of these two rhyming words is in conflict. The bulk of this speech is spent talking in general terms, never really directing his speech at Caesar at all except to talk of his being crowned and killing him. This explaining of Caesar's life would create sympathy for him in the audience, and without this justification Brutus would be simply a base murderer. The poetry of line 5 is typical of Brutus. He mixes beauty with an argument for murder – and for a short time, the extraordinary truth about adders in the summer, hidden dangers becoming clear when the grass is mown and the sun is high, might make the audience believe that Caesar is like an adder. This is the longest line so far, free of pauses, reasoning and worry. But the poetry whips up Brutus' own fears. The words â€Å"bright† and â€Å"brings† and the interruption of the iambic skip, with â€Å"bright day† and â€Å"bring forth† both being stressed, creates the effect almost of a drum-roll, erasing any doubt in Brutus' mind that the adder, in the shape of an Imperial Caesar, is not far away. Through lines 6 – 12 Brutus is again trying to justify killing Caesar. He dehumanises Caesar firstly as an â€Å"adder† and then later as a â€Å"serpents egg† which isn't so different from the disjoining of remorse from power that Brutus suspects Caesar to be potentially capable of. Although Brutus is trying to persuade himself that this is a political assassination for the good of Rome and the Republic, it's easy to notice Brutus is slightly jealous that his old friend, once an equal, is now a god among men. Therefore this is an insight into the possibility that the murder was also personal. These lines are also a period where he is deciding whether or not to kill Caesar. In line 6 he says â€Å"Crown him! – that! † hitting an emotional peak after which he calms himself down speaking in a much lower, less erratic tone. The word â€Å"But† on line 12 is a major turning point in the text. This is where the whole of Brutus's argument lies on common belief not proof. Once again to persuade himself killing Caesar is the right thing to do, he uses a weak argument that says Caesar is using people to get to the top of the political ladder and when he reaches the top will turn his back on everyone who helped him get there. The weakness of this argument is that there are no signs of him ever being evil to his friends before. Brutus describes it as a general model of the â€Å"common proof† that all men grow greedy with power, which if true would justify killing Caesar while he was in his â€Å"shell† before he could â€Å"hatch† Throughout the soliloquy Brutus appears to be contradicting himself and making remarks that he isn't entirely confident about. To me this shows that Brutus had quite a weak personality and was probably a man under great pressure.

Julius Caesar: Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

Julius Caesar is an ancient leader who is known worldwide for his famous last words â€Å"Et tu Brute?† as his closest friends were brutally murdering him. Barack Obama is the current United States President who has been in office for two consecutive terms, or eight years. Both leaders will be remembered forever, Caesar because of his murder and Obama because he is the first African American President to lead the United States. Although United States President Barack Obama is a leader centuries after the rise and fall of Julius Caesar their traits while in power that they exhibited are polar opposites. Whether it be the way that the leaders treat and respect their wives, the life they lived, or the way that they led their countries, they were opposite in almost every way possible. To begin, Julius Caesar was married to a weak-willed woman named Calpurnia. Calpurnia was a whiny woman who tried to keep Caesar from what he wanted to do and his civil duties as ruler of Rome. Calpurnia had nightmares of Caesar dying and his blood being put on display in the streets, dreams that she scared herself into believing, although becoming true. When Caesar refused to listen to her pleads of staying inside their house, she got on her knees and cried to him begging him to please stay home. This Caesar thought was highly ridiculous and he went anyways, against her wishes. Despite the lack of listening that Caesar had shown towards his wife, Obama looks to his wife as if she were his right-hand-man. Barack Obama is married to a strong-willed woman named Michelle. Michelle is a woman who had dreams and once her husband was elected into office, she made those dreams come true, having her husbands’ back in the decisions that he made for his country. Michelle wrote her own stump speeches for her husband’s presidential campaign and generally spoke without notes showing her involvement in the support of her husbands’ job. Michelle is an advocate for a healthier tomorrow, making meal plans for schools countrywide to follow, Obama also backing her up and helping her in any way he can. President Barack Obama has a respect for his wife that is unbelievably vigorous while the respect that Caesar displayed for his wife was as if there was none at all, not only proving how much times have changed, but showing how strong the bonds of marriage should be. Continuing,  Caesar was a patrician by noble birth being born into a wealthy patrician family that had money beyond knowledge. The ancestry that Caesar had was that of honor and fame being the grandson of Aeneas who was the son of the goddess Venus. Caesar’s family name, Julii Caesar, came from the birth by caesarean section, caes- meaning cut, one of his family members being born by this style of birth. Caesar came from a family of such wealth that his father was in charge of governing the province of Asia. But Obama, on the other hand, was born into a poorer family, his mother being from Wichita, Kansas and his father being on a J-visa from a small town in Kenya, both of his parents being in college on opposite sides of the country, forcing them to separate, Obama being a newborn. Obama was named after his father, being Barack Hussein Obama II, a pure Kenyan name. Obama’s parents were highly educated, his father going to Harvard Law School and his mother going to the University of Washington and then to the University of Hawaii where she graduated with a major in anthropology. Caesar and Obama came from completely different upbringings, one of military greatness and wealth and the other of brilliance and poverty. Finally, Caesar, because of his military background and the fact that he led the Romans to the defeat of the Gauls, he was welcomed home to Rome by the senate granting him triumphs for his victories. When Caesar gained more power over Rome, he ordered a census be taken resulting in the reduction of grain dole, restricting the purchases of certain luxuries and rewarding those who had many children simply because they were increasing the population of Rome. Caesar made some very vital decisions in the development of not only Rome, but the world as well such as changing the traditional calendar to the Egyptian calendar meaning that instead of having 365 days in a year, there would be 365.25 days because of the 29th day of February every fourth year. Caesar also made decisions such as establishing a police system, rebuilding the cities of Corinth and Carthage and building a library as a branch off of the Library of Alexandria. Militarily, Caesar wanted to conquer the Dacians and the Parthians, but he wasn’t able to accomplish that due to his death. As a result of his murder, the month July was named after him, its original name being Quintilis. Yet, even though not having any months named after him or establishing such important institutions, Obama has had his fair amount of fame worthy actions. Obama will forever be remembered as the first African  American Presidential Candidate and first African American to become president. As president Obama promised many choices that would help the United States become stronger as a whole such as better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules. Obama also made history by becoming the first democratic president since Franklin Delano Roosevelt to twice win the majority of the popular vote with the people. Obama made the change to reduce the secrecy given to presidential military records to gain the trust of the people he was in charge of making a better state for. Militarily, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.S. military to develop plans to withdraw troops from Iraq, claiming that he was fixing the problem that former President George W. Bush started. Caesar wanted to start war with other countries while Obama wanted to end the war that presented itself, their strategies of dealing with their countries being completely opposite. Caesar was a leader that because of the way that he took care of his subjects was murdered because he simply was not liked. Obama is a leader of a different time period, being constantly followed by security, ensuring his safety, and maybe that’s why Caesar wasn’t saved, because times have changed. Perhaps Obama has learned from Caesar’s mistakes and that has influenced to take votes among the senate and people before making decisions that could ultimately question the safety of the citizens looking up to him. Caesar and Obama both have their own ways of leading their states, treating their wives, and came from completely different upbringings, the one similarity the share being that they will be legends for years to come.

Innovation Strategy at Microsoft Essay

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational software corporation that develops, manufacturers, licenses and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. Microsoft is the world’s largest software maker and affects millions of users worldwide every day. The company recorded all-time high revenue bringing in $73.7 billion for fiscal year 2012. After analyzing this case, I have concluded that the main problem for Microsoft is that their deep silos are inevitably hindering its ability to produce products and/or services to compete with current computing trends in the industry. While Microsoft continues to dominate the computing world, it cannot be attributed to their innovation strategy. To address these problems I suggest that Microsoft alter their environment to better simulate innovation. Microsoft should create an environmental culture in which employees are encouraged to venture outside their tasks, minimal time pressure, and high job security give positive feedback for initiatives taken. These recommendations are based on specific concepts from the book. Current environment inside Microsoft does not currently provide positive feedback. Their current environments sets commitments for each division and employees are faced with performance evaluations. When employees failed to meet designated commitments, employees were penalized. Additionally, employees are penalized for taking on activities unrelated to their commitments. First in chapter 6 we saw that in an industry where growth is slowing and competition becomes stronger, an organization’s success requires innovation. This is why it is recommended that Microsoft focus on simulating innovation. We saw that innovators derive from individual developers and thereby can be considered the true source of innovative products. While an organization system model and creative individuals are key stakeholders in the business, it is not enough to drive innovation. Per chapter 6, there are several effective ways to simulate innovation- of which are the recommendations suggested above. Innovation Strategy at Microsoft: Clouds on the Horizon ACC – Applied Carbon Corporation (large environmental technology conglomerate) EBC (Executive Briefing Center) Innovation team- Gates was engaged with the engineer and the algorithm, he talked about how the algorithm that could increase the speed of the search This suggestion by Gates reduced time used on massive server banks Later he proposed an innovation to monetization model that would save corps millions of energy time. Innovation at Microsoft: Top-Down or Bottom-Up? Innovation drivers: Product groups, Microsoft Research labs, Innovation teams generating grassroots innovation Innovation at Microsoft really was a â€Å"one-man show†, vision and drive of a senior leader, i.e. Gates, then would work its way down Gates would send out memos calling for dramatic change in products, services and technologies Microsoft offered Extensions on existing products & services – result of product groups New products & services accounted for 1/3 Microsoft Rev Grassroot Innovation Grassroot innovation- attempt to tap into diverse ideas of Microsoft employees & turn into profitable new businesses Participated in ThinkWeek, Quest, IdeAgency & Innovation Outreach Program ThinkWeek- technical papers submitted once a year directly to Gates who reviews them for a week & makes comments Quest- Similar to ThinkWeek but involved Microsoft’s most senior & accomplished technical minds Thinkweek & Quest tapped into minds of senior technical staff- ignored other employees IdeAgency- to full realize potential in grassroots innovation by all Microsoft employees Executive sponsor (most likely product group leader) identified a prb that needed a solution & all employees through an IdeaExchange tool would submit solutions Learning by doing- needed more adjustments- submitting ideas wasn’t enough. Therefore top ideas of IdeAgency were selected (ie. 300 first session), form groups, were given a budget & resources to develop a prototype within 8 weeks. ThinkWeek, Quest, IdeAgency- all internal request for info, IOP implemented to include public Chief innovation officers from 10 Microsoft largest accounts for two-day innovation brainstorming conference- asked to look 5 years ahead (LT ignore ST) Steep believed this would drive innovation b/c had two critical flows of information done in product groups & Microsoft research labs 1. Top-down guidance 2. Bottom-up expertise The Information Technology Industry: Clouds on the Horizon Grassroots innovation initiatives response to increased competition from all sides (apple, amazon, google, linux and others) Microsoft generated most rev from consumer & enterprise licenses for software products ’08 operating income $22.5B on rev of $60. 4B (15% growth rate) New technologies threaten importance of Windows operating system as a universal platform, undermining traditional licensing model used by Microsoft for so long Microsoft business model relied heavily on product groups within divisions while each group tailored its software development process to its core technology & market Product groups worked closely with Sales, Marketing & Service division to deliver on customer needs Again, licensing model has been successful for Microsoft but many business analysts that shrink-wrapped software method of generating revenue will be obsolete and lose to cloud computing items 2000 Apple launched MobileMe Yahoo implemented online advertising business model Amazon online service & transaction business model Google online info search leader Grassroots Innovation under Microscope Product groups focus on ST & Research labs on LT So many processes running concurrently with lots of capital tied into them – is Microsoft delivering on its process? The ThinkWeek & Quest relied heavily no Gates- so what if he departed? IdeAgency great on paper- while delivered many successes, few drawbacks- immense time required to facilitate Too many hurdles trying to make fruitful collaborations in resistant environment Too much effort to get anything going across the product groups Many employees refused to work on projects beyond their defined objectives and commitments out of fear of receiving poor evaluations Organization Structure & Design Three divisions: Platform Products & Services, Microsoft Business & Entertainment & Devices Deep silos that barely communicated or collaborated Three business divisions, seven business groups & 27 product groups were told to focus on its own individual profit/loss. Business groups didn’t have time or incentive to participate in collaborations away from their own group Culture & Beliefs Developer-centric company b/c most employees possessed extraordinary amount of tech expertise- every employee (even senior mgmt.) had small office with a closed-door policy to concentrate better Culture a result of Gates behavior and mgmt. system driven by 3 core beliefs- 1) individual excellence (believed they had brightest employees in the world) 2) competitive behavior 3) accepted to never accept 2nd best (Go Big or Go Home) These believes lead to extreme intra- and interfirm competition intensity Competition amongst each other for positions Personal meeting with Gates & his lieutenants in which major employees are dissected & reviewed (can make or break your career at Microsoft) Culture & Beliefs Individual & group incentives were primarily influenced by â€Å"commitments† tied to each employees output- detailed objectives stated in form of a contract between employee & supervisor. At beginning of year commitments set in stone & couldn’t be changed.

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Essay Example Toyota started announcing recalls of 8 – 9 millions after reports of 2000 fatal accidents and 19 deaths from its defective vehicles with accelerator and brake pedal issues. By February 2010 (just before ending of fiscal year on March 31), Toyota had recalled nearly 2 million vehicles from its main markets that also reflected in Income Statement, Cash Flows and Balance Sheet. In fact, the assets and liabilities / debts section were greatly affected from that recall because sales declined and products recalled simultaneously. Toyota Corporation estimated that recall would cost, at least, $2 billion in 2010 – 2011, which may increase in near future if suppliers would increase raw-material / inputs prices followed by high labour expenditures. It is worth mentioning that Toyota's sales in North America reduced by 16% alone in February 2010 in comparison to February 2009 just after the recall. On the other hand, the competitors operational in American markets were among the a ctual beneficiaries, since ‘General Motors recorded sales increase of 15%, Ford observed a growth of 24%, Nissan recorded the growth of 15%, and   Hyundai observed a phenomenal 24% growth in USA. Indeed, the recall enabled Ford Corporation to become second largest automobile seller across North America after General Motors. The recall sabotaged Toyota’s strategic and financial position because customers started switching to other brands, which later resulted in decline in market share. This just happened when Toyota had certain plans / aspirations to benefit from improvements in global economic outlook. Without any doubt, the company in the short - run has been unable to win trust of potential customers and maximise its monetary gains because of additional repair and delivery costs to be incurred from this recall. In addition, the loss of goodwill and reputation alone could prove quite devastating for company in near future when it will launch newly developed products. For instance, potential customers and industry analysts may raise questions about safety, security and reliability of Toyota’s vehicles. In a nut shell, it is justified to argue that Toyota’s balance sheet figures (assets and liabilities) position will deteriorate in fiscal year of 2011 because of mixed consumer confi dence on Toyota’s market offerings.  

Human Resources Role in Target Corporation Term Paper

Human Resources Role in Target Corporation - Term Paper Example Human resource management is that part of management involved act of putting together human capital in an organized manner to ensure that aims and objectives of an organization are achieved in an efficient and effective manner. Human resources are the most precious assets of any organization since they are the activators of non-human resources and the means for developing competitive advantages and sounds of creativity. No organization can exist without human resources department (Walsh, 2009). An organization with no such a department would be curtailing its operations and may collapse within a short period of time. Target Corporation is a large American retailing company with its headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the second-largest discount retailer in U.S. it was founded in 1902 as Dayton Dry Goods Company although its first store opened in 1962. This grew to become the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation, culminating in the company being renamed as Target Co rporation in August 2000. Target announced its expansion into Canada on January 13, 2011 and has an aim of operating over a hundred stores in Canada by 2013. Target Corporation sells food stuffs and operates groceries that sell dry food stuffs. There are several ways of collecting data for analysis among them being questionnaires, one on one interrogation, online research and using organizational newsletters among others. The method chosen to collect data is online research and organizational newsletters. The purpose of the paper is to assess human resource management and its effect on the employees of Target. Job Design This refers to deciding the contents of a certain job. It is fixing the duties and responsibilities of the job holder, how to do the job as well as define the relationship between subordinates, superiors and colleagues. This should be well spelt out in a company’s policies to ensure that employees adhere to them. Any explanation needed with regards to job des criptions should be answered by top management of a company preferably human resource manager. Job design involves comprises of several issues in any company. A company has to lay job analysis and ensure that this has the support of top management. Job analysis includes reviewing existing job documentation and this should be communicated to employees and managers. Job design helps reduce or curb job dissatisfaction amongst employees since employees are involved in what they like most (Roberts, 1997). It creates chances of rotation hence an employee is able to learn how to perform several tasks in a given organization. Employees are able to interact when the necessary job design is put in place. Job design increases productivity in a company since employees are fully motivated to work. Job design ensures that chain of command if correctly followed in an organization. Job design helps balance requirements of any job with human attributes. A poorly laid down job design results in high rate of employee turnover, more strikes, conflicts and other industrial related problems. There are several factors that affect job design in any given organization. Job scope should be properly described. A narrow scope implies less challenge hence no chance for developing on the management. A wide scope on the other hand will make the management over-worked and may result in distress, dissatisfaction and loss of control. Job design should offer full time challenge on the job. Managers’ efforts should be fully utilised to ensure no much free time during working hours as this might make managers over-stepping their mandate and harass junior staff.

Chopin Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chopin Biography - Essay Example It was in Warsaw, the Polish capital where Frederic Chopin spent most of the twenty years of his life. He made his debut in 1818 when he played a concerto by Gyrowetz, which was then followed by the publication of his Rondo in C minor at the Warsaw Conservatory in 1825 (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Following his debut, he presented his own compositions, F minor and E minor Concerti in Warsaw in March and October of 1830 (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Before Frederic Chopin became a pianist, he was left to develop on his own. Since the Warsaw Conservatory had no great piano teachers, he had to use his own skills (Biography of Frederic†¦). His love for Bach and Mozart served as his inspiration as he kept on mastering the piano (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Frederic Chopin eventually became a skilled pianist and a good number of his works were for solo piano (Paterson, 2008). â€Å"Many of these works are fairly short in duration, such as the Preludes, Etudes, Waltzes, Impromptus, Nocturnes and Scherzos, as well as the previously mentioned Polish dance forms of the Mazurka and Polonaise† (Paterson, 2008). More significant was his ballade, which is â€Å"free in style like a stream of consciousness but with an internal logic† (Paterson, 2008). This theme of consciousness was present in all his preludes, most especially Prelude Numbers 15, 4, 6, 7 and 20. Another famous work was the Minute Waltz which was said to be a nickname of his piece (Paterson, 2008). Frederic-Francois Chopin had the novelist George Sand as his companion for ten years, but she left him when Chopin had tuberculosis while in Paris (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Soon after that, October 17, 1849, Chopin died at the age of 39 (Polish American Journal, 2007). â€Å"Chopins technique was flawless, and he always caused great excitement with the evenness of his scales and the careful manipulation of his legato (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Today he remains as one of the

Christian Church Art Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christian Church Art Architecture - Essay Example In fact, this is the building that I will attempt to effectively 'dissect' in order to ascertain to what extent it has been constructed from an amalgam of various styles as well as attempting to identify the particular styles in question. First, let us look at the details behind the design and construction of this building. The actual construction of this building began in 1851 and reached its completion some six years later. However, due to extensive damage, the building was reconstructed in the 1920s although the reconstruction remained true to the original design. The building was designed and built under the direction of Fr. John Cambiaso who was a Jesuit originating from Lyon in France. We learn that Fr. Cambiaso actually learnt the practice of architectural design during his stay in Spain and this gives us some clues behind his particular use of certain elements within the design. Because as we see from our first view of the church from the outside (fig. 1) it distinctly remind s us of those buildings that were produced under the Islamic and Moorish influences that were so predominant in the seventh and eighth centuries, especially in countries such as Persia, Egypt and Spain.(1) 2 Fig. 1 As we can see, the Moorish elements of this building are typical of how the designers let their imaginations play a little with both patterns and forms to produce designs that were almost dreamlike. However, another building that comes to mind here (especially with regards to the second level arches) is the Palace of the Doges of Venice that was built in the 14th century. It is from this that we learn that our particular church was in reality designed in a Venetian Gothic Style. It is then that we begin to notice the elements of this building that are so essential to the Gothic. In the words of the art historian Heinrich Wolfflin, we notice how in the gothic "†¦the vertical movement streams upwards without check and dissolves playfully at the top" (Wolfflin 60). We k now that the Gothic architects were particularly fond of intricate ornament and tracery and here we see examples of how, again in the words of Wolfflin, "[The Gothic] developed in the direction of ever slimmer and more pointed shapes, to a point of extreme exaggeration" (75). In fact, the Venetian Gothic Style was effectively revived during the 19th century. This revival was mainly down to the work of the British architectural critic, John Ruskin especially his book entitled The Stones of Venice (2). It was Ruskin who spoke of the lightness and soaring spaces of this style and, once inside the church, this is the first thing that strikes us. In fact, the massive height of the nave although typical of most churches in New Orleans is particularly stunning (fig 2) 3 Fig 2 The nave is lined with intricate arcading and 'triforium' windows so typically expansive enough for Gothic taste to permit huge amounts of natural light to swarm the interior. The arcading is layered on intricately de signed columns that incorporate the geometric designs so familiar within the Moorish style. There is also what is known as a Solomonic column (fig 3) that features a kind of corkscrew design. This style of column actually dates back to ancient Jerusalem and has become popularly used since because of its symbolic reference to the gates of paradise. Further adornments include chandeliers constructed of fine bronze, which again appear to be of Moorish style (fig 3). However, further