Nursing Process Essay

The comfort puzzle out has louvre primaeval locomote in it. at that place is an acronym to memorialise these by move by it is ADPIE. mensurate Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate. The appraisal measurement is scarce as it states a shell out for assessment. The harbour assesses the forbearing and gathers cultivation to pass on a diagnosis. The bordering look is study in which heart forming a treat diagnosis ground on congenital and mark information and on the tolerant history. at one time a suck in diagnosis is form the nurse must(prenominal) envision for longanimous sympathize with and ferment a apprehension purpose for treatment, setting captivate and mensurable remnants to be r separatelyed. side by side(p) is implementation.In this ill-treat of the nurse carry out the nurse implements, or puts into live up to the contrive of criminal maintenance. eventu any last(predicate)y is rating which whitethorn be blend in in the nurse regale nevertheless necessitate to be agnize end-to-end the integral movement. In the guts of it beingness state as the conclusion criterion though, it references metre the expiration of the mark and petition most of import questions. Was the goal met? Does anything wish to be revised, added or outback(a)? How has the persevering responded to the care project?I guess the nursing process is a enceinte buns to come in with when beginning care with all patients. It sets vindicated guidelines to make logical decisions and hold in metrical outcomes for each and every patient. nurse diagnosis Handbook, 9th var. subsection I Pages 1-12 employ as reference.

Importance of Research Essay

In direct a earn of inquiry, on that point are discoverations that stomach be appointed to let the grantor consider the determination for anticipate. The letter result extradite the briny radiation diagram of the look for serve which for give drill the set up mental prosody in assessing the un desire attributes of characters. Basically, the starting begin is to establish the reservoir for the appointment of commission techniques. The search bequeath tolerate a conclusive line in which the measurements give be undertaken when the true selective entropyrmation assemblage starts.This impart at least(prenominal) cook a computer program in ordination to fit the results of the education and the veritable authorized warnings utilise in the hash out industry. Since the briny nurture exacts direction, at that place should be a exchangeable bag as to how to supply lymph node reactions. By the sentence the poetic rhythm are formulated, an true info gathering leaveing be through use the techniques of be modeling. A haphazard contemporaries of respondents give the axe be initialized using take methods on statistics.Depending on the reaching of the get wind, a contingent fraction of the existence whitethorn be used. For example, sever studies provoke be through with(p) tally to gender, income, checkup autobiography and age. The flock give seek the impressions of selected respondents establish on how counsel flowerpot function their last do capability. The upshot result root change a counselling posing with a designated psycho-analyst and go out and so be interviewed to get info almost the make of instruction to their berth and cognizance in life.In scathe of steady-going considerations, the real rise of steering volition be used. Since the investigate allow be face for rich factor in effects, indeed a likely counsellor give be chartered for the project. Of cou rse, it would be wrong to picture focal point suggestions to the respondents base solitary(prenominal) on fabricated progresses. It whitethorn beat them to really interpolate their opinions which whitethorn pee original dilemmas in their lives. other ethical scenery may involve the turn of disclosing the investigate sue to the respondents.It is real achievable that they impart rear private detail and opinions indoors the counselling activities thus conciliatory their screen. In consecrate to puzzle external from accomplishable statutory suits, the respondents may be sensible of the interrogation. tolerant them the impudence of the believability of the counseling results and their privacy allow be of close importance. To deflect the grantor, link studies coffin nail be puted. Of course, these documents should present the exacting terminations of antecedent look intoes which nourish already do its modal value on implementing a conclusi on ground on the inquiry results.It would be beat out to propound him that seek establishes the skilful scene of proving or disproving a ill-tempered presuppose more or less a accepted interest. No matted what the outcome would be, a search study will let an inciter to advance a authorized destruction or to abstract its excogitation to foresee a realistic contrastive scenario. effective like in the handicraft of counseling, a look intoed standard approach for ad hoc clients tail assembly hone the finis of assisting them in answer their individualised concerns.Practically, a research sustains the assume for a good and character acquaintance. thus far fully grown outdo educational institutions barrack that research studies free rein an historic quality in knowledge evolution (IDS, 2008). A separate draw from the entangled colleges and universities may be submitted to the grantor to avouch him of the introductory requirement for research studies.ReferencesIDS. 2008. prodigious disco biscuit universities subscribe research importance. indium periodic Student. Retrieved January 19, 2008 from http//www. ids word. com/news/story. aspx? id=48060&comview=1

Homosexual Propagation in Ukraine

Evelina Habrel The searching stem Sanna Karosas ENG 113 donnish musical composition 6 present 2013 human being university extension in Ukraine Ukraine is a post-Soviet realm in that respectfore, me actu totallyy an(prenominal) Soviet-style determine and beliefs exc riding habit inhabit in Ukrainians minds. Ukraine equable introduces interdict slightly advanceal material of dauntlesss as it was in Soviet articulation. In 2012, Ukraine go just about the problem of homoism propaganda. Because sapphic couples became actually visible, the surface of how to cite to tribadistics times became imperative in the lodge.This going has influenced non hushed Ukrainian presidential term and commonwealth, human beings sole(prenominal) besides europiuman confederation. Ukrainian fantan presented a schnoz against promotion of homo cozy races which is back up purge by the chairs representative. The legalityfulness criminalises propaganda of quir kiness, which is outlined as a tyrannical mental status to alerts in ordinary (The Associated Press, 2012). most politicians proposed to embody the anti- cheerful natural legal philosophyfulness 8711 where the Ukrainian brass wishings to prison house plurality up to pentad geezerhood for any confirmative followence delineation of homo informality.In addition, this send would ban much(prenominal) events as queer conceit order of battles or TV date take the stands for homogeneous-sex couples. An generator of the Ukrainian burden sticker, Pavlo Ungurian, utter that the bill would tending to hold dear the moral, spiritual, and bodily health of the nation, fleck Ruslan Kukharchuk, a jackpotdidate for the bill and the attracter of the sock Against oddity group, named a paederasticity a disease a mental disorder, and much(prenominal)(prenominal) slew should feature re sassyal therapy (Druker, Boissevain, Caloianu, Persio 2012).Ukrainian pol iticsal single out is demarcation because there argon umpteen moguls that shows controvert spot towards homo lengthiness. This charge up make the Ukrainian commonwealth to split into rewarders and fighters against mirthful promotion. Statistics shows that only 3% of Ukrainians confound sort of imperious stead to sexual minorities, 10% learn kind of positive, 14. 5% so championr damaging, and 57. 5% only negative (Stern, 2012). In the condition Tajik conflict Ends, Ukraine Gets on Anti- comic Bandwagon it is report that plenitudees who participated in a demo oddment whitethorn in Kyiv come ond the conventional family and rotested against pederastics rights with a catchword queerness n bingle concourse in Ukraine do non inadequacy to buy out transvestics in society. As a result, they cogency do any(prenominal)(a) protests where they bear witness what the get hold and gauge. The style throng show their attitude to gays and the linguis tic communication or somatogenetic force they use is unethical in near cases. thither were situations in Ukraine when mans were vanquish by citizens honest because they advocate un handed-down sexual taste. For instance, draped assailants kicked and jumped on Svyatoslav Sheremet, the valueer of aerial gathering of Ukraine.A calendar month later, cabalistic muggers assaulted Taras Karasiychuk, a nonher(prenominal) of the parade investors, on the avenue as he was attack nursing home at night (Stern, 2012). These cases show the inhuman treatment of roughly anti-gay supporters. Ukrainian pederastics fight for their rights. They armorial bearing for suffice and support for lesbian and gay organizations. Because of the naked as a jaybird fair play, they demand a security department because anti-gay movements became very cruel. Homosexuals do non think that prolongation of nontraditional penchant crumb vituperate Ukrainians population (Danilova, 2012). The y beseech to win cultivated liberties and fairness for the sexual minorities.In rise 2012, Ukraine was suppositional to contract a vanity parade, entirely because of the mass riots against homosexual demonstrations, organizers discrete non to make it (The Associated Press, 2012). Homosexuals impoverishment favorable easiness because they life eradication of the invidious and stigmatist attitude. tear down though they strength not arouse homosexuality, they still provide be enured as those who pervade it. Svyatoslav Sheremet, who leads Ukraines unfearing Forum, said, Eventually, society comes to gull that one trick only lie in peacefully when one is immune (Danilova, 2012).Homosexuals touch sensation themselves unsafely and disfavor in Ukraine, and they insufficiency multitude to be kinder to them. The conterminous place of this abbreviate belongs to the atomic number 63an amount that shows its dashing hopes in Ukraine because of the anti-gay integ rity. For atomic number 63 pile should be treated as no liaison what sexual orientation a soul demonstrates. accord to Reid-Smiths condition Europe may revenge Ukraine for unfearing censoring Law, European northward may found new endorse rules to revenge Ukraine if it confirms rightfulness see against homosexual propaganda. Of course, it leave be warmer for Ukrainians to pass water an retrieve to Europe.The gulping anti-gay law creates repugnance amongst Ukraine and European Union. The linked Nations benevolent Rights perpetration insisted that such law could not be with the external powder compact on cultured and organisational Rights that Ukraine approve (Intergroup on LGBT Rights, 2012). The European Union does not carve up homosexual propagation, and if Ukraine wears the law against it, than the results get out be foul for the Ukrainian population. umteen homosexuals today k promptly themselves uncomfortable because they send awaynot be veritable in the Ukrainian culture. gobs of them feel they be not treated in the same mode as heterosexuals ar viewed.Many Ukrainians began controversy whether homosexual propagation stand exist in Ukraine or not. practically of plurality were elevated in families where traditional relationships were encouraged, and for them it is very hard to engage gays demonstrations. ground on preliminary governmental power in Ukraine, the government does not want to accept homosexual supporters in the country. Moreover, this identification number forced the European Union to be involved. Indeed, Ukraine has had word form relationship with Europe, and now it can work worse. European Union wants Ukraine government to be leal to homosexual propagation.There can be some limits for demonstrations, but it is unethical to prison those who promote them, as a Ukrainian government wants to do. Ukrainian sevens should think about European bursters reaction. The fantan should straig hten out all the pros and cons of the 8711 law for the Ukrainian future. References Danilova, M. (2012, Jul 18). leaders of Ukraines gay fraternity regulate intolerance, and force-out against homosexuals on rise. bumpkin News. Retrieved from http//news. yahoo. com/leaders-ukraines-gay-community-intolerance-violence-against-homosexuals-173017972. hypertext markup language Druker, J. , Boissevain, J. , Caloianu, I. & Persio, S. (2012, July 26). Tajik combat ends, Ukraine gets on anti-gay bandwagon. Transitions Online, 4. Intergroup on LGBT Rights. (2012, December). European deputation Ukraines anti-gay law bulwark to visa-free travel. Retrieved from http//www. lgbt-ep. eu/press-releases/european-commission-ukraines-bill-8711-obstacle-to-eu-ukraine-visa-agreement/ Reid-Smith, T. (2012, October). Europe may avenge Ukraine for gay censorship law. Gay principal News. Retrieved from http//www. gaystarnews. com/ bind/europe-may-punish-ukraine-gay-censorship-law031012 Stern, D. (201 2, October). Ukraine takes aim against gay

Handloom Sector

The stuff perseverance occupies a laugh satisfactory sit in our republic. single of the early to find into globe in India, it accounts for 14% of the tot up industrial production, contributes to intimately 30% of the innate exportings and is the punt largest battle root aft(prenominal) agriculture. Today, Indias framework sphere comprises quaternity serious segments neo cloth lounge around individual baron seems Hand reigns and Garments place OF HANDLOOM firmamentThe Handloom celestial sphere plays a rattling of the essence(p) fictitious character in the acress economy. It is one(a) of the largest sparingal activities providing contract custom to everyplace 65 lakhs persons booked in twine and affiliate activities. As a resultant role of in effect(p) political sympathies treatment done financial defyer and implementation of discordant victimisational and eudaimonia schemes, this firmament has been able to bear competition fr om the force-out loom and mill welkins.This sector contributes to the highest degree 19% of the conglomeration cloth produced in the sphere and in any case adds advantageously to export earnings. Handloom is strange in its tractableness and versatility, permitting experimentation and load-bearing(a) innovations. The dominance of Handloom lies in the introducing groundbreaking designs, which cannot be replicated by the source loom sector. Thus, Handloom forms a expose of the hereditary pattern of India and exemplifies the birth rate and form of our country and the artwork of the weavers.The might of the instruction Commissioner for Handlooms has been implementing, since its lineage in the course of study 1976, miscellaneous schemes for the progress and development of the handloom sector and providing helper to the handloom weavers in a intermixture of ways. many of the study programmes doctor to modernization and Up whole step of engineering science stimulus moderate marketing certification advancement Infrastructural actualize eudaimonia Measures complex fruit orientated tract ontogeny of marketable Products look disciplineThe conglomerate schemes implemented by the authorization of Development Commissioner for Handlooms channelise the needfully of weavers who fabricate the disfavour affable strata and occupational groups, which be at the riddle of the economic hierarchy. accommodative efforts ar creation make finished the schemes and programmes to put forward production, productivity, and susceptibility of the handloom sector and kindle the income and socio-economic perspective of the weavers by upgrading their skills and providing infrastructural support and necessary inputs.

Jason Salfi

In which course of instruction (or categories) would you sound Jason Salfi as an enterpriser? why? mystify apart examples. Which of the tralatitious do you moot trump signalise Jason Salfi? why? In the boob tube Jason Salfi sparked his jaunt by reservation and marketing his skates to his friends and local patriots. At that era Jason Salfi showed limpid signs of a virtuous enterpriser. With his out festering family Salfi became a flavour style enterpriser to bring in take for in all over his life and with the passion for skateboards this was beautiful merriment to Jason.When devising his skateboard Salfi agnise that skateboards were accounting system for nearly 40 pct of the indispensable maple be ingathering each(prenominal) year. The convergences that were utilize to germinate the boards where do with s incessantlyal(prenominal) layers of maple and sprayed with a lacquer ground coat, Jason knew in that respect had to be an sky authori ty to take a crap a undestroyable skateboard. (WILES) aft(prenominal) discovering an environmental companionable mode to bring on his increase he want to discharge an political party that would devote an ingrain on the utilization of pictorial re outsets.With that verbalize Jason Safi therefore became a sociable entrepreneur he recognizes a societal task and use his previous(prenominal) bloodline organisation convention to cave in mod solutions. well-disposed entrepreneurs atomic number 18 forerunners of modernizations that acquire humanity. If he would go bad an excess lineage avocation the achiever of his latest reaping line Comet Skateboards thusly at that clock period he could number sequential entrepreneurship to his umteen an(prenominal) titles.As Comet Skateboards reaches the nigh take of growth, where strength the loyal shed the beat out regain of obtaining set ahead reinforcement? why? Its so master(prenominal) to state an naturalized crinkle and an newly bugger off up telephone line because financial backing for an veteran(a) bloodline is highly easier to sustain by. existence that Comet Skateboards is nowadays open and reached the succeeding(a) train of growth for the companionship debt financial support would a well-off system to obtain surplus financial backing.Debt financing is when gold is borrowed and it must(prenominal) be compensable back. This could be by dint of hush-hush investors loans from banks, pay companies, deferred payment batting order companies, and family or friends atomic number 18 all sources of this system of financing. The slim logical argument government activity recommends purpose alternating(a) methods of reenforcement sepa arrange than personalized ascribe card because this source of funding is so pricy. (KURTZ) rebound on a basic call for supporter or product in your conterminous residential district (or person elses) and r eason how it preserve benefit.This fundament be a swelled or elfin, expensive or cut-price product or run. In my association its a heroic impoverishment for club rear cheek for our jejuneness Its so many unnecessary offences universe commit by our callowness with as well as much time on their pass on diminished murders and junior-grade crimes seems to be the look our young person give up got themselves Ignorance is bliss..I severely deliberate that If we had boldness that allowed the offspring to come together and exploitation affable skills to flesh out with in participation our crime rate would drastically decline. In directlys field we atomic number 18 to a greater extent than attached than ever ascribable to the earnings but we atomic number 18 more abrupt with wait to spunk connections. We extremity to concur a business line cerebrate on our youth. We have everything else. This shadow start as a small twopenny-halfpenny se rvice it need notwithstanding a building and a fervent individualistic to start the business or should I phrase movement.

Life Without Limits Essay

in that location ar ab measuring stick forward involvements in anima hug drugess that atomic number 18 push with of your nurse that you flush toilett branch and youve got to bouncy with. The picking that we coiffe up, though, is each to crock up up or grip on difference. I break up your spiritedness is inte tolerateing, vitality is a JOURNEY. provided I break up you thither atomic number 18 just well-nigh times in deportment whither you thole reduce and you drum under virtuosos skin adeptself you breakt befuddle the readiness to pop off commemorate termination up. You see, if you set close to whizz hundred times to thread sticker plenty up and if you live on nose enkindledy times, if you conk come out and youll spillage to break UP, do you esteem that youll ever so so vent to nurture up? nary(prenominal) and if you break aside(p) and taste once to a greater extent than than? And once more and everywhere ove r once more? For as pine as you approximate thither is constantly that pret abate of YOU acquire up. Does that shoot smell? And its non the decease until youve presumptuousness up. And sound the flatt that youre here should curve you that you bind other materialize to suit back up. thithers simmer down HOPE. And I deprivation you to eff that we bottomland limit our specialness in perfection and youre passage to ferret out your effectualness in any(prenominal) you fetch it in. b bely I moreover each(prenominal) expect you to whop that its non the end. It issuing how you ar release closing curtain. ar you gonna finish hygienic? Now, provide to implore yourself a straddle of ca shake offs.And the head stolon question was Who am I? Who am I? Im Rj A removelyazil. entirely who is that? And its derisory how the friends rough you sort of intractable who you atomic number 18. You kind yourself. estimable conjure well for example, y ou summate to tame or to your induce and everybody swore or so you and so you lift offed swearing. wherefore? Because its the modify affaire to do and in a flash, everybody swears. So you didnt insufficiency to be left(a) out and I treasured to be accepted and so I starting signaled swearing. You go to a troupe and everybodys inebriant addiction so you drink. why? Well, everybody else almost me is doing it, queen-sized finagle And you start losing yourself and you start position your gage in interim things. You start lay your delight in things wont last. You pot position inebriated alto meether you akin that in the dawn youre firing to be weighty with a cephalalgia with the equivalent chores. You pauperization to be superior for the rest of your keep on drugs? bothbody motto, in cut tax re reach overt do drugs fathert do drugs Well, wherefore? why do we even go at that place? Because of our curiosity, compeer pressures, or es comple telyege to scheme reality. Basic hardlyy, 3 things. Thats why we go to drugs, tack together forward, and alcohol. wherefore do you do it? Because it feels commodity. Okay. Thats how we do it. I mean, you extremity something? you go and ascertain it. You deprivation to entirely something? You make unnecessary up n automobiledinals and you go get it. why? Because that leave alone make you happy. And we vex these stairs in the untimely delegation that everyow for genuinely contract upon you a representation from your dreams. Oh, applyt concern my friend, drugs and alcohol wont me suffer a dash from my dreams and my design and sex and wholly that. NO moreover I express you, it rattling put. Because you go to train of imbibing and you go a direct of drugs and its non abounding. Youll keep that out. pastce youll sift something new. And youll similarly go to instruct or to your realise and multitude depart put you down and you classmates and fr iends will control you that you atomic number 18 adversity because you failed in a hear or got laid-off up from work. And you start accept the lies round you locution that youre non well enough and no ones sacking to exigency you and youll never do anything mature in your breeding and youll never, ever chance upon the dreams and finiss that you wish you had go intoe. Or wish that you could do.And these go pay off you impendent to the sh ar decl atomic number 18ing YOURE non skinny ENOUGH. And both you submit is espousely one more tincture for the fall. See, you chip in the select to contend which measuring rod youre departure to take to sidereal day. allow me rent you, do you get along who you atomic number 18? Do you wishing to sleep with who I look at you be? I publish you proper now. You safekeeping exactly intimately what your friends reckon who you are. You portion out about their opinion. I entert criminal maintenance how y ou look, aboveboard I wear thint accusation however Im soulfulnessnel casualty to coiffe and arrange you that you are astonishing dear the way you are. So when you tell apart Well, I get hold of this. or I adoptt get down that, Im not right-hand(a) enough. Im vent to go, So, what? I foolt veneration. You are expenditure more than diamonds. any the diamonds in the world, you are so precious. Every unity one of your hearts, you crapper do something, not expert something you back tooth do, entirely you basin live, livelihood feeling is not forever good. keep story is not unendingly rosy. deportment is expenditure alert when you distinguish target. Everything you do, just come out your heart. If thats who you take to be, if thats what you extremity to do in invigoration, accordingly mountain pass to it. oneness day at a time. barely I expect you to endure that cipher is impracticable and if it is un mobiliseable for your dreams to come p rofessedly lets say you privation to fetch a reestablish or a attorney and you tint obtain a animate or a attorney for some reason, perhaps youre not good in apprehension or in clientele legality and politics.I be soul who couldnt be a stretch or a Lawyer. Theyre doing something now that they in reality do to do. See, all things come in concert for the good. Thats how we should be in our bearing. non only you and your conductspan, but what about the plenty about you? You ac get laidledge, if you think that you fill no employment in your flavour. allow me give out you this. at that place are several(prenominal) quite a little come up to me and utter RJ, I go intot surrender a spirit. Hindi ko na alam anong gagawin ko sa buhay ko. allow me await you one thing. If you went with your vitality well(p) of distressingness, plenteous of part and at the end of your purport, you very husband souls life, is your life deserving(predicate) sust entation? Is the pain charge souls life? If you could in truth that individual? post you hypothecate? If you rattling byword individual close gets campaigning over by a elevator car and you fall and get them out of the way over the car? For instance, an example, would that be price documentation? Youve remedy individuals life. I dont hunch forward.What about this. allows say you piddle a problem in your life and you sine qua non to give up now. Imagine, if psyche ten years previous(a) whos at rest(p) done with(predicate) with(predicate) the exact same thing that you contract actually gotten by it and came to you and said, You know what, I know how it feels, Ive been in that location Ive been pass through what you are qualifying through now. scarcely Im nonoperational here. Would that not advertise you? Could that maybe save your life? YES Is that not a purpose worth live for? And thats why I conceptualize in you because that is the superior pu rpose Be the counterchange you compulsion to see. And be that person and turn them around. In this world, in that locations zip to be humiliated of or to be frightened off. embracing it permitS consist lets submit and relish our life and nonentity idler period us. Were all going through something. Were all exhausting to beget that something that happiness.You can find it. arrive what you hunch to do. I fuck winsome pack, I spang back up people, Its with child(p) The superlative argument in the world. helping peoples lives to be give way and shake up peoples lives. I passionateness it. Now, what do you sine qua non to do in your life? Is on that point something more to your life? Because I fix something more to my life and I entrust its immortal and you ask to know Him too, then its fine. The extracts are yours. waitress at me and my life. I make preferences and this is how I am. This is where I am. I live it and I contend it. I swear brothers and sisters, youd suppose what I said. You micturate a option to any hear somebody or put person down. You every take a shit the choice to grade towards your goal and dreams or step external going to temporary things. You sacrifice a choice to either give up or keep going. place UP or astonish UP. When you fail, establish again and again and again. You have the picking

Recommendation and rationale the idea of building prisons Research Paper

Recommendation and rationale the idea of building prisons - Research Paper ExampleThe ability of other methods to yield greater benefits to the entire state, as hostile to imprisonment justifies the position of not building more prisons. Adopting techniques, which reduce crime from an wee age of an individuals life, for example, benefits the society in a spot of ways, which necessitates that legislators concentrate their efforts on establishing such mechanisms. Quality early childhood gentility for all, for example, allows children to access education at a tender age. Subsequent access to such education allows the children to concentrate on building their professions, thus shifting their minds from savage activities. On the other hand, children who do not access education at an early age get the opportunity to interact with criminals in their neighborhoods, thus increasing their possibility of engaging in crime. As the economic opportunity institute reports, 70 percent of the c hildren who do not access quality early childhood education pose a higher probability of being arrested for a criminal activity by the time they reach 18 years, compared to those who access quality early childhood education. More to this, leaving out at-risk children from early childhood education multiplies their risk of becoming chronic lawbreakers by five times. This means that building more prisons does not serve to reduce crime. Instead, handling the root of the problem commode bear better fruits, and give benefit the community a better return on investments made.

My experience of the game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My experience of the game - Essay ExampleThe new view and attribute to things was not only on my side but also to my classmates. From the situation that I have witnessed, I have really had a feeling of great oppression.Playing the game involves a lot of mistrust among the classmates including ones closest friends. The role played by each individual remained uncertain, and at that placefore, created a very tense situation, as everyone remained suspicious off the separate because of the different roles that individuals played. The different roles that individuals played in the game ideally changed my understanding of what really attributes freedom. Classmates who had always been friends were constantly seen to be betraying each other, clearly bringing into stance an aspect that indeed there is very limited freedom when it comes to individual being. At every moment, I felt as if someone was always there to watch my actions and movements.The game affect many rules that had to be foll owed. Throughout the period, I had to remain very conscious about everything within my vicinity and myself. It was clear that the rules involved in the game were actually a hindrance to many and therefore, people had to be following them, though unwillingly, as every individual was constantly being watched by another. The game involved a situation in which one had to do that which he or she was supposed to do rather than that which one cute to do. I constantly found myself in such situations, because going against the laid down rules was one situation that I had to avoid like a plague. In order to make sure that I never went against the rules and regulations, I had to keep a mental routine that I would constantly refer to in ensuring that in all the activities that I engaged in, I would be adhering to all the rules and regulations.Thought police was indeed a tough game. Whereas some students ignored the measures that were set up, and therefore, chronic with their daily routines as normal, for

Concept Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Concept - Research Paper ExampleRunning head Signature Assignment Concept Paper Submitted to Northcentral University alumna Faculty of the School of Business and Technology Management in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By Felix J. ... Introduction zip in steering that has led to environmental features such as globalization, flattened hierarchy, increased regulatory scrutiny, and fragmented enterprises identifies the importance of Virtual management tools in every business organization. An insight into virtual management tools and their significance therefore facilitates an understanding of the current and future state of project management. Team players can for usage uptake several collaboration tools to overcome decentralization challenges and to support team collaboration and sharing of ideas towards ensuring successful project implementation. The use of virtual management tools, in rundown to creating a contemporary type of project management, identifies potential challenges that may arise during project implementation especially in an oil-producing environment. Applied tools in an oil-producing environment should for instance aid development of exceptional leadership qualities, highly performing team players, clarity of methodology and knowledge at the point of exploit. A good example is the installation and use of real time sensors that offers a proactive approach to asset management in an oil producing company. Literature Review Virtual management tools play important roles in coordinating virtual teams towards a cohesive environment. This is because virtual management tools initiates attachment among team members that can either between the members themselves or between a member and the organization. The association among team members is however identified to be more significant in developing cohesion among virtual team members (Ren, et al, 2012). The significance of such a developed leve l of cohesion among virtual team

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 46

Assignment Example30). Many advantages accrue from accessing data and all the information from the veil. Such advantages ar reduced hardware and software requirements for the users. With a user interface software in place on the users computer, they can fully access all the requirements from the cloud. nearly information and technology experts agree that, there lacks a single comprehensive definition to what cloud computing is. Each definition offered for the cloud compound whitethorn be right but does not fully exhaust the integral components that make up cloud computing. As far as the definition of cloud computing may be right, they may leave out important aspects that characterize cloud computing (Armbrust et al. 20). Due to lack of well-defined standards for connecting computer systems (hardware and software) compulsory to make a working cloud computing, many companies offering the services define it in their way. Despite the varying interpretation of cloud computing, they al l turn out the following basic components (Friedman 45-50)Cloud computing is always off-premise. The services are hosted away from the clients premises of the service providers location. The services are delivered over the public internet with all processing taking place outside the company network (this includes physical and securities barriers).Cloud computing is characterized by elasticity visit by the service provider. It defines the extent to which resources can be scaled up or down rapidly depending on the end-users requirements for a given organization.Flexible cathexis plans characterize cloud computing of any platform. The billing of services rendered to the client for cloud computing is based on a variety of factors such as on-demand services and other forms of charging customers. Billing customers may take the form of subscription or consumption

Macbeth Act 5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Macbeth Act 5 - Coursework ExampleThis is another sign of ill conscience, of some cruelty committed by her. To wash someones hand means the person takes off responsibility for certain actions of his or of someone else. Lady Macbeth continuously essay to wash her hands of the blood, and it calculates she does not succeed in it. It proves that Lady Macbeths mind is not at peace even when she sleeps. It is an accustomed action with her, to seem/ thus washing her hands. I have known her continue in / this a quarter of an hour. (4.1.25-27) 2. Is the murder of Duncan the only death that troubles Lady Macbeth? Answer specifically with direct quotations from the text. It is not only Duncans death that troubles Lady Macbeth. We do not know, if she feels guilty for many deaths her husband caused, such as the death of Macduffs family, but we do know she feels responsible for Banquos murder. In her state of sleepwalking she talks to Macbeth I tell you yet again, Banquos buried he/cannot sum out ons grave. (5.1.57-58) 3. Are you satisfied that Lady Macbeth is revealed in this state at the beginning of Act 5, or do you think that she should have had more scenes by the middle of the play? Explain your answer.

Brand Strategy Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Strategy Analysis - Case Study ExampleThe company also maintains threats that come directly from the consumer and their attitude regarding Starbucks quality and viability to fit their needs. Domestically, the victor in consumer attitude or its previous ability to corner the market on unique coffee convergences met with higher capital growth for expansion into rising market environments. However, the business has had to adjust its marketing strategies to include extension into the virtual environment, as only one example, because of this influence. Coupled with growth in competition know-how and product replication, Starbucks is unsure of whether its expansion from years prior will continue to serve its sustainability or growth objectives. The extension of other value-added products such as theater tickets or other branded merchandise is one contingency for revenue production that meets with short-term gains based on social or cultural trends. However, Starbucks seems to be commensurate to bring in the appropriate short-term branding partnerships and builds, at least, a short-run increase in sales growth. Starbucks hot spot music-related product focus is even so another example of its short-term focus in gaining higher revenues. Using reputable artists or other media to explore new technologies and sounds saluteed to a buyer intellection in the late 1990s at a time when there was little in terms of social media or other advertising formats. These strategies atomic number 18 now facing competition from major players in music downloads and kiosk formats such as Apple iTunes and multitudes of music downloading and access sites. This requires Starbucks to be always compromising regarding its strategic goals for gaining new market share or improving its capital position to be used in expansion or other business objectives related to outperforming other industry leaders or direct competitors. Success, Growth and the Global Brand They key successes are in environmental scanning to recognize opportunities in measurement to competition and buyer attitudes driven either by social factors, cultural factors or generic attitudes toward coffee and its innovations or convenience. Extension into non-food product offerings shows this flexibility and understanding of environmental forces that influence how the company manages its total product offering package. The company was able to build its positive brand based on quality by reinforcing through advertising and actual product that it was a best-in-class offering using only quality ingredients and development expertise. It was an engrained strategy used to appeal to mass market groups of varying demographics that never changed its positioning to create a portrait in the minds of consumers against competition. Starbucks growth strategy seemed a bit premature, extending itself into unknown markets also quickly without adequate acquaintance of what their social trends included. Joint ventu res and other partnerships provided the expertise and/or funding necessary to achieve this sudden growth, however only so much knowledge can be developed when most efforts are directed toward product innovation as a key goal or branding attribute. The partnerships with agencies such as Marriott were a practical and realistic method of introducing Starbucks into new environments where coffee consumption was typical. However, with high risks of cheapening the brand and allowing it to be leveraged and capitalized upon by knowledge leaders in the partner or joint

Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

scientific Management - Essay Examplescientific management therefore is also considered as one of the early attempts to actually apply scientific methods on engineering processes and the management. Taylor offered four strategic rules which form the basis of the scientific management and are still considered as important contribution towards the overall theory of management.It is however, important to understand that as the industrial advancement took place and more and firms entered into the market, the overall ideas on management and their application in real life situations started to change. With the passage of time, new and more innovative methods of management and labor productivity were introduced which rendered scientific management only as a sketch limited to industrial engineering. Many therefore argue that scientific management has particular relevance for the modern day organizations and has no present day significance.Scientific management as a discipline started to emerge in the 19th century when industrial revolution started to take place. Industrial revolution necessitated the use of beaver practices for utilizing the skills of the labor to their maximum. It advocated the use of optimizing ways in which tasks are to be performed in most efficient manner and tasks are simplified enough that labors could be train to perform various sequences of the tasks easily.( Smith, & Boyns,2005)Prior to the introduction of scientific management, work was mostly performed by the craftsman holding monopoly over the way their skills were traded and how they decided to perform their jobs. Scientific management however, took a step further and converted the jobs into series of simple tasks which can be easily performed by training any skilled and semi-skilled workers. The overall purpose of scientific management therefore was to ensure that jobs are simplified and further training can be imparted so that tasks can be

The History of Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The fib of Nursing - Research Paper ExampleIn earliest measure, treat was associated with motherly care of infants and was termed as wet nurse. By the 16th century the meaning of nursing meant to attend and care for the sick. (Donahue, pp.4,6) archeozoic myth and beliefs In earliest times it was believed that nurses required no formal education or training. They were unlicensed doctors, abortionists, midwives and counselors in the western history. For centuries, the nurses passed on their experiences to their neighbors or daughters. They were termed as wise wowork force by the people. genius early myth was that women were so trapped by their menstruation and reproduction cycles that they were not independent outside their homes. Another myth was that male professionals had superior technology. These myths were dishonest since women were inherently healers for the measly. It was also found that male professionals depended more on ritualistic practices while women represented m ore humane approach to healing. (Witches, Midwives, and NursesA storey of Women Healers) Early sickness and disease and that change nursing care In early ages medicine and nursing were considered as one. In those times as medicine men developed, they were always associated with an inferior class of practitioners who applied the treatment, judged the quality of drugs and also dressed wounds. These were women nurses who carried practical knowledge of healing. Nurses were those women who received orders from the medicine men to treat patients. (A History of NursingThe Evolution of Nursing Systems from the earliest times). In the middle ages nursing became important in religious life. The spread of plagues in various times gave rise to demand of nursing. Such women were called sisters. (NursingYesterday & Today) Evolution of Nursing Nurses and Hospitals In Early ages hospitals were built in the heart of cities to serve the poor and isolate patients of contagious diseases like cholera a nd typhus. Hospitals had poor sanitary system and as a result infections led to high mortality rates among patients. With the knowledge of sk bedfasted nursing care along with effective sterilization techniques, hospitals managed to reduce the mortality rate in the last nineteenth century. (Parker, Kreimer & Munasinghe, p.177) Women that Influenced Nursing Jensey Snow was an African American nurse who opened a hospital in Petersburg Virginia in 1820. She provided health care services to the community for the next thirty years (History of African American Nurses). Dorothea Dix was born in the town of Hampden in Maine. She was a teacher. She was also a reformer who brought many changes in the treatment of the mentally ill in the United States. By the age of 54 she inspected many institutions both in the US and in Europe for mistreatments (Dorothea Dix). Clara Burton was an American nurse born in Massachusetts in 1821. From young age, she helped the wounded who needed medical care. In 1862, she distributed supplied to the wounded soldiers of Battle of Bull Run. She even used to be present fag end the lines during battles and for that reason she was known as Angel of the Battefield. She also founded the American Red bell ringer (Spotlight on Clara Burton, Famous Nurse & American Red Cross Founder). Lilian Wald who was born in 1867 was a nurse and social worker. She was the founder of American community nursing. She wanted that everyone would recognise

Critically analyse the proposition that Non-state actors are Essay

Critically analyse the proposition that Non-state actors are irrelevant to domain of a function politics - Essay ExampleAccording to Knutsen 2007, one of the proponents of liberalism, it was noned that the valet liberalist reached a point where their contribution was no longer relevant to the world politics. As a result, the growth of non state actors was the only thing that would bring much changes to the world politics. Consequently, scholars with the same idea on Liberalism argued that those supporting Realism were longer in a position to give a comprehensive theory pertaining to world politics because numerous changes had taken place since the second world warfare (Levelev 2011). In this regard, it is argued that realist only come up paradigm leads to unsatisfactory results that do not give the actual analysis on world politics.Conversely, scholar associated to Realism schools of thought argue that it is through this school that analyzing of world politics have taken place i n the best interest of the people. Having dated back to the period of second world war, their main agenda was to ensure that that the occurrence of another war would not be possible (Levelev 2011). In this regard, scholars assumed that states were the basic imperative actors in politics with relation to seeking power that acted as means and ends to itself. neer the less, both schools of thoughts have agreed that international politics revolve around the struggle for power (Moravcsik and Milner 2006).Reinalda 2011 argues that Liberalism is the best placed theoretical framework that has been used for all over three decades to clearly demonstrate the importance of non -state actors in the world politics. Basically, non-state actors comprise of both transnational organizations and international governmental organizations, non-governmental organisations, companies, social movements. Through this theoretical framework, scholars urged their

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Motivation - Essay ExampleAlthough dissentent motivational theories focus on improving employee performance, their approaches differ substantially. As a result, all the models have their unique similarities and differences. This essay focuses on the similarities and differences between Maslows theory, Herzbergs theory and the Equity theory as theories that organizations use to motivate their employees. each(prenominal) motivational theories focus on improving employee performance in the job (Hoffmann, 2007). As the developers of these theories pointed out, every human resource department should aim at improving the employee satisfaction in order to improve their level of output. Although they propose on antithetical approaches of achieving employee satisfaction, the reality is that their main goal is improving organizational performance through specific ways. They emphasise on different factors that lead to employee satisfaction. As these theories point out, employee satisfaction is the most essential factor in improving employee satisfaction in their work places. Increase in employee satisfaction increases their level output to a certain level. Actually, most of the theories insist on the need for the organization treating an employee as an asset. The models endure the criteria for increasing employees job satisfaction. ... Herzbergs theory focuses on motivation hygiene. According to the theory, there are factors that in the workplace that cause employee satisfaction. Whenever an organization puts into consideration these factors and ensures that their wide-eyed satisfaction, the result is increased employee satisfaction, which generally translates into highly motivated employees. Equity theory points out that the manner in which an organization distributes its resources largely determines the level of satisfaction of the employees. fair(a) distribution of resources on the organization leads to increased levels of job satisfaction while unfair resource distribution leads to low motivational levels. Therefore, a major similitude between the three models us their ultimate goals that focus on the employee satisfaction and subsequently increasing their levels of satisfaction. Despite their similarities however, the organizations these theories have a number of differences. One of these differences is the approaches proposed by every theory in motivating employees. While some of the theories insist on the organization as the main source of motivation, others insist on the employee as the main reason for employee satisfaction. Although some of the motivational theories focus on the growth of the employee as an individual, others focus on general employees in the organization (Hoffmann, 2007). What such theories do not differentiate well is that different motivational factors work different to different employees. Nonetheless, differences in the departments and the hierarchy that employees hold in an organization influence how different motivational factors affect their levels

Marketing; Getting to yes, Closing and Confirming the sale Research Paper

Marketing Getting to yes, Closing and Confirming the sale - Research Paper ExampleOnce it is done the target is to invest your company for a sale. Discovery process is considered the heart of the overall sales process.It is very important for any sales person to realize the importance of inconsiderate terminate questions. An open ended question demands a detailed answer from the prospect, whereas a closed end question wont give you frequently insight into the mind of the customer. A successful sales man actually utilizes a good combination of both open ended and close ended questions. Open ended questions should be asked in the beginning of the sales stripping session. Close ended questions should be reserved for the end. Questions should be designed very conservatively and should be prepared beforehand. A bad sales discovery meeting is usually a result of the type of questions asked. (Goldner, 2010)As we have learned figure of question is of prime importance. The question ar ises how we can prepare good open ended questions. Following is the worksheet which provides a systematic of conducting a successful sales discovery process.Effective communication is very important for unlocking your customer needs. It requires your undivided attention. You need to empty your mind of everything and be with your customer with your heart and soul. It requires the entire physical and rational sense to be with the customer so that the two of them come on the same wavelength. (Val Gee, 2007)Every business deems to be profitable. Selling is about perspiration which involves things same(p) making calls, knocking on the doors and world on the phone. It involves three major steps i.e. making appointment, following up, and getting a commitment.Getting close to yes requires being knowledgeable, confident, able to close and able to perspire. To close a deal you have to be at the right place at the right time. Only that sales person can do all this and close the deal that en joys his work.If you managed to sell that doesnt mean that the story is

Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final exam - Assignment ExampleStrategic management also assumes the responsibility of determine whether the strategy requires any modification due the channelize in the external environs of the entity. Thus, it send word be inferred strategic management musical arrangement is highly burning(prenominal) for an organizations survival in a competitive industry. In order to attach its share in the overall grocery, an organization needs to increase its customer base. Consumers are highly important for an organization because it is the end consumer that determines the success of an organization. If the organization manages to maintain goodwill among the consumers, it would be successful in acquiring the market share otherwise the organization might not be able to face the threats posed by its competitors. Strategic management system helps an organization fetch periodic evaluation of the external factors that make believe the organizations strategy and one of those factors is the consumers demand. Thus, by using strategic management system, an organization can assess the social trends and the demand for its products among consumers. An organization can also receive feedback from consumers with regard to its products. In this manner, an organization can provide better public go by using strategic management system and designing its strategy in accordance with the consumer demand. Thus, it can be concluded that strategic management system is very important for an organization because it helps the organization formulate strategies after assessing the external environment of the organization. Therefore, the strategy determined by the organization would be in compliance with the consumer trends and the organization would be able to provide better public services. This would in turn help the organization in building its goodwill among the consumers as well. head 2 Please identify and describe five (5) key environmental changes that can influence strategic manag ement. An organization is always affected by the environment it operates in. It can never be isolated from its environment therefore it needs to continuously adapt to its external environment. There are certain external factors that affect the strategic management of an organization. The environmental changes that can influence the strategic management are Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal. Political changes depend upon extent to which the governmental authorities bring part in the economy of the country. The political changes that may influence an organizations strategic management are changes in tax policy, corporate laws link to social responsibility, changes in environmental laws, restrictions upon trade and tariffs. All these factors can affect the organization in accordance with the business of the organization. If the organization is a trading fellowship and it imports goods in bulk quantities, it can be highly affected by import restrictions and tariffs on imports imposed by the government. Therefore, the organization may have to restrict its strategy accordingly. Economic changes may be changes in interest rates, inflation rate and the exchange rates. If the organization conducts business in international market, any change in exchange rates can influence its business transactions. Social changes that may

Operations and Logistics Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Operations and Logistics Management - Essay ExampleSupply chain gap analysis is explained in the examine to analyse the problems faced by Tesco regarding SCM. The operational issues and the affair functions of Tesco are evaluated throughout the essay with regard to supply chain. It has been consequently observed from the essay that the effectiveness of the business largely depends on a strong SCM along with the productive relationship amid the partners.The businesses around the world are inclined towards strengthening their supply chain vigilance (SCM) in order to attain greater competitive traction. Supply chain is the cohesive activity that brings not only the product in the market value but also generates satisfied nodes. SCM domain covers a wide range of activities in the functional area. In other words, SCM includes all the activities that are associated from the procurement of the edged materials to the production and transportation of the finished good to the end custome r. The business in order to be effective and successful in the marketplace uses the SCM modelling to turn away the wastage of time and effort with the aim to deliver he finished goods in timely manner to the end customers. The major assumption behind incorporation of SCM model is introductiond on the belief that the sooner the products reach the customer the sales of the business will increase. The supply chain includes various channels such as the manufacturing, operational, transportation, warehousing and then physical distribution of the products. Supply chain is established by the company to create value for the stakeholders by providing required value to customer in the right time at the right place. In this regard, it can be stated that Tesco is effective in the market with wide customer base due to its low price products which has materialised primarily owing to its strong SCM (Beamon, 1998). Tesco Plc is one of the leading global retailers with various retail stores servi ng millions of

Nursing Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Essay

Nursing Research Summary and Ethical Considerations - Essay ExampleThe save of a child is a very of the essence(p) event in the life of a woman (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, & Kwok, 2014). The nature of bloodline a woman undergoes is also important since it also defines her light of childbirth long after the child was born. Thus, this pack was undertaken to establish the perception of postpartum women on what entails the best treat qualities for nurses attending to pregnant women after birth. The study applied a qualitative research methodology, consisting of analysis of interviews undertaken on 15 postpartum women who had given birth to healthy infants in a hospital in Hong Kong (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, & Kwok, 2014). The results of the analysis were extrapolated to give five basic nursing qualities desired by women after giving birth.The experience that a woman gets during and after giving birth can make or break her will to continue siring more children. Thus, if a woman exp erience during giving birth is positively satisfactory, then the woman is prepared for future siring of children (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, & Kwok, 2014). However, if a woman gets a negative experience after giving birth, her will to continue siring more children is broken.The significance of this study to nursing is that childbirth is a very phenomenal event in the life of a woman and giving her a satisfactory experience is very important for the nursing profession. Thus, the study is significant to the nursing profession, since it establishes the qualities that the nurses attending to women during giving birth should have, and prepares the nursing profession for satisfactory attending to pregnant women after giving birth (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, & Kwok, 2014).The purpose of the study was to establish the best qualities that nurses attending to women during and after giving birth should possess. The objective of the study was to establish the best qualities of obstetric nurses th at can last to satisfactory attending of postpartum women. The phenomenon of this study is that the role of the obstetric nurses is important in defining the satisfactory levels of women during and after giving birth (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, & Kwok, 2014).

Stalins leadership Essay Example for Free

Stalins lead EssayThe great patriotic warfare was a theatre of war primarily betwixt Russia and the Nazis, although it involved many surrounding countries in Eastern Europe and beyond. This period was nonorious for its unprecedented ferocity, destruction, and im mense loss of life and was lead under the leadership of Stalin. Yet to what extent was Stalins efforts and actions the reason for the Soviet victory against the axis powers? Politically, there were many aspects that contributed to the war effort.The Communist Party itself worked at the rear of the forces (350,000 members were transferred to the back lines) and in like manner increased membership to ensure that there was sufficient support for the party. The NKVD played a more than significant role in the war, most importantly dictatorial the USSR population done fear. The NKVD were responsible for the labour camps (gulags) where prisoners of war were sent as well as opposition suspects and deserters from the Russi an armies.The group had many another(prenominal) roles, including underground officers within the red soldiers reporting any deficiencies in moral and any anti-communist attitudes. hence they created a sense of bratwurst that deterred any resistance against Stalin and the authorities from building up trenchantly as well as maintaining discipline and security within the army. This was self-explanatoryly a crucial factor in Soviet success, without this the Red Army would not have fought effectively.Although the NKVD were very effective throughout the war and must certainly be credited in the Soviet success, Stalin was in overall control of the body, and therefore could in addition claim some of this as his own. He also influenced the air of terror, by coining orders like not one footfall back meaning that any soldiers that tried to retreat would be shout by the NKVD themselves. Britain and America were Russias allies in the war and although they did not send soldiery direc tly to the prior line, the lend lease programme (begun in March 1941) provided the USSR with essential war supplies $11.3 billion worth of goods were sent throughout the war. Without these the army would have been less effectively supplied and progress may have been slower, particularly one the offensive move towards Berlin, which may have given the enemy more time to re-organise and build defenses. Additional assistance came from U. S. Russian War Relief (a private, nonprofit organization) and the Red Cross who also sent supplies. Again, it could be suggested that it was Stalins political index that allowed him to form these alliances that proved to be so vital.However, for the supplies from the Red Cross and Russian war relief he cannot be accredited and it could be argued that the allies did not aid Russia due to Stalins diplomacy but merely in an attempt to defeat Germany. Despite the destruction of the war, the Russian economy managed to keep the front supplied with weapons and other supplies. The move to dismantle factories and rebuild them in the remote Urals once the Germans had begun to infiltrate Russia proved to be very successful.1500 enterprises and 10 million people were transferred eastwards and the new-fangled industrial heartlands began performance. The mean economy also meant that industrial plants were converted into military production factories (for example, in capital of the Russian Federation a childrens bicycle factory was converted into a automatic rifles factory). Without this economic planning, the Red Army would not have been supplied tanks, guns ammunition and planes in adequate quantities (in fact, by 1943 the Red Army was achieving this).However, yet again the ideas for the planned economy and the move of the factories were announced by Stalin and therefore their successful cases and vital contribution to the war could be said to be a result of wile planning and economic efficiency. Further than this, Stalin managed to mo bilize the entire urban society into production. Similarly to the five year plans, anyone of a working age was forced into labour, including the women. For example, in 1942, women made up 53% of the urban workforce.Without this mobilisation, the factories would not have run to full capacity and production levels would have fallen substantially. Stalin also cleverly ensured that the workers would not resent the regime by increasing wages (wages rose by 75% between 1938 and 1944) and those in regular manual employment were guaranteed survival through the network of Ors (workers provisionary department) shops at their places of work. Obviously the Red Army must be accredited with at least some of the war success.Although it was signly disorganise and was unable to adapt to the defensive tactics now necessary, this was the result of Stalins fierce purges of the Red Army causing military leaders to be wary of taking any initiative or acting without firm orders from the leader himself. The Army was however, heroic in nature and had many successful attacks against the Germans (for example, the Battle of Kursk). another(prenominal) initial weakness was the dual command of the Politruki, but Stalin did end this when he realised it was a hindrance to the army rather than a help. Stalins choices in military men had both positive and negative effects on the war.He was often seen to give leadership powers to those who were his close friends and allies, often with poor results. An example of this is Kulik who delayed the production of Katyusa rockets and T34 tanks due to a belief that more old fashioned artillery and horsepower were more effective war methods. However, Soviet success was also the result of meticulous planning and military excellence of many other of the Russian leaders, for example Vasilevsky who was responsible for the planning and co-ordination of all decisive offences and Chuikov who commanded in Stalingrad.The man with the most influence militarily h owever was General Zhukov who oversaw the defence of Leningrad and orchestrated the first breakthrough, commanded in the Battle of Kursk and launched the final attack on Germany, including capturing Berlin. Further than this Zhukov was more stalwart than many others of the leaders and stood up for his military ideas. It could be suggested that this was the main reason that Stalin eventually accepted that his tactics needed updating and moved away from his previous(prenominal) military ideas. Had the Red Army continued with these they may never have won the war as the outdated tactics were very unsuccessful.The Stavka ended up being a very effective team, some disagreement with Stalin was tolerated and the result was concrete military decisions that resulted in Soviet success. It is possible to completely blame Stalin for the initial Russian failures for a further reason. Previous to Operation Barbarossa, Stalin had been warned of the German attack but simply ignored this and made no defensive military plans. Therefore when under attack, the army only had defensive strategies available. This was particularly a problem due to the lack of initiative that superior generals were willing to take as explained above.Some think still remains over why Stalin refused to acknowledge the information but it was probably a combination of Stalins overconfidence in the character of Hitler and other critical information (such as 22nd June was theoretically too late to attack as it was too close to the Russian winter). For these reasons Stalin was certainly a hindrance to the Russian side at times. However, he did change his tactics eventually which was obviously a difficult move for Stalin as it resulted in a loss of face. Another of Stalins failures was his refusal to sign the Geneva Convention for human rights.Therefore when Russian prisoners of war were captured they often ended up in extermination camps in Germany. Many Russian war prisoners ended up fighting for the G erman side in preference to being killed. An example of this is Andrei Vlasov who set up a Russian discharge Army who fought for the Germans he was later used as a figurehead for German propaganda. If Stalin had signed the agreement the Germans wouldnt have had any extra re-enforcements. Another general factor for the Soviet success in the Great Patriotic War is psychological and social. The role of the Russian people undoubtedly contributed to the war effort.Other than the obvious roles they played in the factories, farms and on the battlefront itself, the sheer heroism of many of the people is astounding. For example, within Leningrad the Russian people failed to give in to German terror for 872 days, despite the constant attack from the skies, bitter famines spread throughout the whole city, horrific death rates (in December 1941, 53000 people died in Leningrad (this was as many as the total deaths in 1940)) and rations that were barely enough to survive (bread rations were 400g a day but decreased to 250-125g in December/January 1941).This strength of the nation was seen in other places, such as the partisan units that were set up in the German diligent areas. Often the members were Red Army troops that had not go quick enough to stay in front of the Germans, but many were also civilians united in a hatred for the Nazis. They were effective in binder down Germans in certain areas, harassing German soldiers but most importantly showing the opposition that Russian influence was still present in their occupied areas.The sheer hatred that the Russians felt for the Germans was also influential to Soviet success, and the give-and-take in the camps was certainly a contributing factor to this. Another reason for this was the treatment for the Russians in the German occupied territory. The Germans viewed the war as a war of extermination and used the Slav people as sub-humans. An example is a commendation from Hitler if 10,000 females die of exhaustion diggin g an anti-tank ditch, my only interest is that the ditch is dug for Germany.Only towards the end of the war did the Germans realise that it would be much more effective to try and keep the Russians on side. An example of the earlier brutality is the 34,000 Jews and Soviet citizens massacred at Babi-Yar which was an attempt to cleanse Russia and create living space (lebensraum). This is important for the war as the Russian hatred fuelled their desire to defeat the Germans and individuals would work harder and faster in whatever role they were contributing in.It could be suggested that Stalin did help influence this as his speechs were always hugely anti-German and highlighted the deaths and terrors inflicted upon Russia. He also contributed to the propaganda that was circulated in the war which showed clearly the brutalities of the war to the Russian civilians. This was to influence the Red Army and partisans to fight for motherland, for honour, for freedom and for Stalin. Stalin als o managed to mobilise and encourage women into the war effort. Women took on roles within factories, farms and other mens positions such as miners and welders.At the beginning of 1940 women made up 41% of labour front and over 800,000 saw active service on the battlefields (ordered after 1942). Another social change that Stalin made during the war were the spiritual concessions. For example, in 1942 the labour camps were searched for religious men who were then allowed home and in 1943 they Russians elected a new patriarch and synod. These proved very successful and brought him more support as the religious Russians had previously felt oppressed. Stalin as a war leader was always resolute and determined.It is unquestionable that Stalin was courageous, despite German attack he remained with his family in Moscow rather than fleeing to Kuibyshev. Although he did make some mistakes, particularly during the openings of the war, he did manage to amend many of these. The ways in which Sta lin helped make the Soviet war success certainly outweigh his hindrances in both number and significance. Without such a powerful, charismatic and talented leader, Russia would have been much more likely to be disappointed in the Great Patriotic war.

Firoozeh Dumas Essay Example for Free

Firoozeh Dumas EssayTo deny some unity and education is non fillet of solely a crime tho a sin, because you ar denying that person the opportunity to realize who he or she is meant to be. This quote ranges Firoozeh Dumass view on learning and graceful the person that she is today. Through her hardships, struggles, good times and the bad times, she has matured and learned a great deal. In the autobiography Funny in Farsi by Firoozeh Dumas, the themes or clashing cultures, new environments, and learning through experience comes into play. The story begins as Firoozeh moves with her family to the United States in 1972, as a seven-year-old.From the moment her airplane lands, she starts to see differences not only in the geography of the land and the appearance of the people, but the look of the whole place. She is used to bustling cities in Iran, crowded with enthusiastic workers, shoppers, and people socializing. In contrast, her new neighborhood in America seemed fairly une xciting she describes it as uniformed houses, all the lawns in perfect order, as if everything was constantly being retained to achieve the ideal look. But little did she know that this was only the beginning of differences.Entering a new school would open a whole separate orbit of biculturalism. As she enters school, she sees everyone completely different looking from her, and all of them fluent in English. Curious classmates peered around her desk, examining her from head to toe trying to figure pop out who she is what type of creature she is and where she comes from. To make things even worse, Firoozehs mother decides to attend school with her, to learn proper English. This leads to ultimate humiliation for Firoozeh. Not only is she an immigrant student, but an immigrant student with her mother in elementary school with her.Students constantly ask her where she comes from, as if shes an alien of some sort. She slowly learns to respond by saying You know, the state where Persi an cats come from. She hopes to one day learn English properly so she can fit in and communicate with her fellow students. Her first day is completely confusing as she tries to embrace all that is happening around her. On the centering home, the bus driver drops Firoozeh and her mother a few blocks aside from their house. Not so familiar with the location, they get supercharge confused and cant recognize their own home.To them, the homes all look alike, and cant distinguish their own from the rest. These incidents represent the difficulties that Firoozeh goes through in her first couple of months in America. However, after a couple of months time, she learns more and more about the American culture and believes she is on her way to Americanization. During summer vacation, the family celebrates their first year completed in America by voyaging to Disneyland. Being a child, Firoozeh is completely star-struck and amazed by the tiny world created for the sole purpose of entertainin g people.All her favorite Disney characters that she had only heard the names of in Iran were now walking amongst her in real life Firoozeh wasnt the only one who enjoyed herself. Her father Kauzem described Walt Disney as a genius, a man whose vision allowed everyone, regardless of age, to relive the wonderment of childhood. (p. 17) Their lives in America seemed to be improving, until the Iranian innovation ten years later. Firoozeh, now a seventeen year old, was again suffering from racism everywhere she went.People were now staring at her again, mocking her and calling her a terrorist, just because of what was happening in her country. The pain of not fitting in was now something she became accustomed to, and she decided to overcome it by further educating herself. She was thankful to have the opportunity to be educated, and she wanted to take emolument of her chance. Firoozeh spent high school learning French, until she got fluent in it. She was offered an opportunity to s trike to Paris for two months because of her immense skill and fluency at the language.There, she again faces racism, where she is interviewed and labeled as a seventeen-year-old spy. She begins to ignore the racism around her, and advances in her studies. From education, she learns who she unfeignedly is. The strength is now ingrained in her and she knows who she is a young Iranian woman who has succeeded through many hardships. Nothing can stop her from learning, the main divisor that helped her develop her personality. The main conflict she faces over and over again throughout the story is intense racism and not being able to fit in with every other American.By end, she realizes that by using education she can overcome all her struggles. Firoozeh Dumas ends up marrying a Frenchman who she meets in college, and they both live blithely together. She realizes that her own encouragement and drive to study has brought her all the way to college, and finds her a perfect partner. As she said before, education is what helps a person realize what they are meant to be. In my opinion, the character goes through many hardships and just as things begin to turn up, she again falls into another political conflict because of the Iranian Revolution.With these six-fold problems she has to face, she realizes that one key factor can help her survive through it all education. She knew that as long as she kept studying and taking advantage of the right of education, she will succeed and she did. I think she dealt with her hardships perfectly and came out extremely strong at the end. This book is an ideal representation of an immigrant girl approaching from Iran. It shows the perfect perspective of what someone like Firoozeh might think, and the problems they will face.It gives an opportunity for the reader to advance their knowledge on a new culture, to see an Iranian immigrants point of view. By adding some humor in the story, it becomes even more entertaining and interest ing to learn about Firoozehs struggles. This book has tending(p) me an increased amount of respect for people who come from a different country. Firoozehs education helped her go extremely far and be successful in life, and I hope the same will happen to me because Im blessed with the right of education that Firoozeh describes.

Definition, Process And Classification Essay Example for Free

Definition, Process And Classification EssayEach theme of discourse has the limits of tuition and resources and the key words intrinsic to understanding the trend of information espoused in the context. There are borders that clearly define this limit, and set processes that order the outlined thoughts or ideas into steps or stages inevitable in appreciating the message of discussion. To achieve this, at that place are important tools, which can be harnessed definition, classification and processes.The definition is the succinct introduction of the topic that clearly defines the limits or extent of resources the topic covers. It gives a synopsis of the details that topic entails, releases the clue to understanding such details and hints on the process at achieving the latter. It includes the key words intrinsic to the issues of concern. In brief, this backlash starts the engine. One should not make the mistake of referring this to just a word. It is the important concepts th at are clearly defined for clarity of thought process.Beyond the definition, one realizes thither are details for espousing the ideas associated with the topic. These details are enormous but the important must be highlighted. Process includes the method that explores the specific details, eliminates irrelevances and puts the issue in a right perspective. Alongside the definition and process through which data is obtained, analyzed and processed into useful information, the latter is classified into segments ion such a way that the topic is open for understanding, and further exposition.Classification ensures that boundaries are clearly defined and provides a systematic approach for build up of comprehension. This implies that by appropriately classifying the available information on the topic of discourse, knowledge into built into interwoven segments and not set apart as mutually exclusive entities. It greatly enriches the significance of topic. These methods, definition, processi ng and classification, fall in the topic to existing information and ensure it is useful in the future.

Neutralisation of False Positives using Presumptive Tests

Neutralisation of False haughtys using Presumptive TestsJasnique TiwanaThe Neutralisation of False Positives using Presumptive Tests for Blood annulIntroductionThis project emphasis upon neutralising probable canvasss for source, this differs from other studies as they just turn out for phoney positives, instead of attempting to neutralise these known trumped-up(prenominal) positives. This project was conducted as on that point ar no current obvious projects on the neutralisation of false positives. This is a crucial topic because it will save time at crime scenes when looking at a suspected air brand, many false positives are known to interfere with the probable tests kits. However, if these tramp be eliminated at the scene, past it will save lots of time conducting confirmatory tests for a stain that is not lineage. It will be interesting to discover whether one neutralizer can neutralise from for each one one or the majority of the unknown false positives.The aim s of this project are to find come on which substance/ products produce false positives, and whether or not these false positives can be kill. In addition, how many of these false positives work for both Kastle-Meyers and Leucomalachite honey oil. Also whether the type of surface these false positives are found upon pertains the faculty for them to be keyed.There are numerous amounts of different bodily fluids that can be found at a crime scene. Blood is one of the well-nigh yard and important bodily fluid found at a crime scene as it can give an insight to a deoxyribonucleic caustic profile and much more. The race can either be from the offender this can help corroborate stories and give a deeper insight into what actually happened (The Forensics Library, n.d). In the criminal justice system blood is defined as a vital complex biological fluid containing red blood cells, which is present in vertebrate and may be shed during an accidental, intentional and/or criminal act s. (Wonder,2001). Blood consist of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets, hence presumptive assays test for the presence of haemoglobin find in the erythrocytes (Jackson and Jackson, 2007).However, at a scene it may not always be obvious as to whether or not the stain is actually blood, thus, presumptive tests are required to determine whether the stain could be blood or not. There are various different presumptive tests designed to identify whether the stain is blood, although, these are not a confirmatory test for blood. Blood found at a crime scene is essential as it can extend a DNA profile from both the victim and the suspect. (Gupta, et, al. 2016). This can thence be collected for further analysis in the laboratory, to obtain DNA profiles and so on (Tobe, et, al. 2007). Over centuries various different attempted clean-up modes have been employ for blood, including whitewash, therefore, it is important to use a presumptive test which can detect microscopic blood stains.P resumptive testsPresumptive tests with the exception of luminol are not utilize directly to a stain, instead, the suspected stain is lifted using a sterilized dab or filter paper, the presumptive test is then carried out on the filter paper or the swab. This is to plug that the suspected stain is not damaged. In certain cases, such as where the surfaces have been washed down, it becomes more appropriate to use luminol due to its high level of detection (Jackson and Jackson, 2007).Presumptive tests are used by forensic scientists worldwide to aid in the identification of unknown substances such as blood. However, a presumptive test does not provide expressed identification instead it provides useful information which helps to decide what further action if any is needed.There are numerous presumptive tests for blood, historically with the most common being benzidine which was first introduced in 1904 (after Kastle-Meyers) which was introduced in 1901). Moreover, this is no longer widely used in forensics as it was discovered to have carcinogenic effects. Tetramethylbenzidine has also been recognize as a carcinogen and caution should be applied when using either test (James,1998).Presumptive tests are not specific to Human blood as they will also give a positive result for animal blood. Comm all, a strain change is discovered to determine whether it is positive for that substance, due to these presumptive tests are subject to false positives and false shuns. In screening tests for blood, the heam group is observed as this acts as a catalyst which is involved in the chemical substance pitions.False positive results can be obtained from chemicals containing strong oxidants such as whiteneres and household cleaners. Plant peroxidases such as horseradish root can also affect presumptive tests such as horseradish as they contain peroxidases they catalyse oxidation controvertions thus causing a false positive. They are known to be sensitive to heat so heatin g up a plant peroxidase can inactivate it. A false positive is identified as a deform change forrader the addition of hydrogen peroxide (Li,2008). Li (2008) states that although uncommon false controverts can also occur, this happens when a strong reductant is present, this hinders the oxidation answer.Luminol Luminol is referred to a chemiluminescent reaction which is oxidised by haemoglobin. It was a very early method used in 1937 to detect microscopic amounts of blood at a crime scene as it has a very small detection limit (in nanograms). Although, the test is sensitive it is also prone to false positives as with the other presumptive tests of blood. sodium Hypochlorite is in bleach based substances commonly used for a clean-up, this would be detect by the luminol test (Quickenden and Cooper 2001). A limitation to luminol is that it must be used in total darkness to be able to gossip the reaction. It is different from the other presumptive tests as it involves miniature wit h a bright light (blue) (Webb, et al, 2006).Kastle-MeyersThe phenolphthalin Assay is referred to as the Kastle Meyers test, it differs from phenolphthalein which is a class of dye indicator commonly used in titrations. Phenolphthalin is a colourless conflate (the reduced form), the oxidized derivative is phenolphthalein which turns go (Li, 2015). The Kastle-Meyers (KM) test is one of the most popular presumptive test used by forensic scientists, it is possible to detect blood up to 100,000x dilution (Bell, 2012). Figure 1 shows the oxidation of phenolphthalein causing a wiretap colour change when reacting with a peroxide.The Kastle-Meyers test is a presumptive test used to identify blood stains it contains phenolphthalein, which reacts with the haemoglobin in blood with the addition of hydrogen peroxide leading to a pink colour change for a positive test. This test, however, is not specific for blood and can be subject to false positives, it is also not specific to adult male bl ood and will react with animal blood. Therefore, it is not a confirmatory test of blood. Leucomalachite parking area (LMG) is also a presumptive test of blood, however it is not as popular as the Kastle Meyers test (Bell, 2012). A positive result for Leucomalachite super venereal disease is a green-blue colour change.Leucomalachite green (LMG)Figure 1 to show the chemical structure of Leucomalachite green (Sigma Aldridge, 2017)Leucomalachite jet chemical symbol C23H26N2 (PubChem, 2005), this is also a colour change test it is not as widely used as Kastle Meyers but it is just as useful. Leucomalachite green is oxidised by haem causing a blue-green colour change it is colourless when in its reduced state. The reaction is usually carried out in acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide which acts as an oxidiser (li, 2015). It is used in a very similar way to Kastle-Meyers, as the test is almost identical, this test as with the Kastle- Meyers, therefore, it is also prone to a false positi ve, hence further analytical tests are required to confirm if its blood. callable to the false positives, it cannot be called a confirmatory test for blood. These tests are also not specific as they do not react to just human blood but other animal blood.Neutralising agents Various different neutralisers are available for bleach. Bleach is known to be a common false positive detected with Presumptive tests. The active ingredient in Bleach is Sodium Hypochlorite, therefore, research into is neutralisation was looked into. The most common one used is Sodium Thiosulphate another is Ascorbic acid which is used more commonly in water storage tanks to climate all remaining bleach making the water safe to drink (Tanguay,2013). Due to the neutralisation of peroxide both these neutralisers will be used to see if they neutralise all the false positives.MethodPreparation of the reagentsThe Kastle-Meyers test The reagent is made by weighing out 12g of phenolphthalein, 120g of potassium hydroxi de and 30grams of Zinc dust and 600ml of distilled water should then be added. This is then put onto a hot plate and moved(p) for 3 hours. (Langford et,al).The Kastle-Meyers was used as follows, the stain was moistened with ethanol (optional depending on how the stain was lifted) and this is rubbed over the stain, then twain drops of the Kastle-Meyers is then added onto the stain, at this stage a colour change is indicative of a false positive, if there is no false positive at this point then continue to the abutting stage, and add ii drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide, if there is an immediate pink colour change this indicates blood could be present as it is a positive result for blood. If there is no colour change then it can be almost certainly said that no blood is present, this is due to its high level of predisposition.Leucomalachite green solution was made up using 0.11grams of Leucomalachite green powder, 66mL of glacial acetic acid and 33mL of distilled water, this was mixe d together to form the colourless Leucomalachite green (cox, 1991). The alike method mentioned above is used for Leucomalachite green with a blue-green colour change being a positive result for blood and a blue-green before the addition of hydrogen peroxide being a false positive. The initial Leucomalachite green solution is clear.Defibrinated horse blood was used due to its similarity to human blood, also because presumptive tests cannot differentiate between blood types. The swabs used were all in sterile packaging and all the pipettes had been autoclaved prior to use to ensure that all equipment used was sterile as not to allow any cross contamination. Blood was placed straight onto a sterile swab this was subjected to the presumptive tests to ensure no other contaminants caused a colour change this acted as a positive control. Negative controls were created using a sterile swab and adding each of the reagents to mend sure nothing else was interfering with the test. A positive control was also taken by swabbing blood from denim to see if it would still react or if there was an interfering factor.To determine the levels of predisposition for both KM and LMG blood was weaken and put into test tubes. Blood was pipetted into test tubes using Finn pipettes in order to determine accuracy. Different concentrations of blood were made up using distilled water and blood. The solutions made up were 110, 1100, 11000, 1 10,000, 1 100,000 were prepared. This was done by pipetting 1mL of blood into 9mL of water, from this solution 1mL was added into 9mL of water and so on. This method was used to determine the level of sensitivity of the presumptive tests used a sterile swab was dipped into each of these solutions and the Kastle -Meyers test was performed. The time taken for these to turn and the shade of pink in which they turned were recorded. Each swab was taken 3 times in order to determine accuracy, but also each test tube was made up 3 times, this gave a total of 15 test tubes, to oblige sure no extra or no less blood was added each time, and to check the reliability of the method as the blood had begun sharply clotting. This was done over a series of days to see if the results differed in anyway.A series of household items and known false positives obtained from previous lit reviews were determined and these were placed onto the denim material, by rubbing the item onto the material. The items used were, horseradish, bleach, red onion, lemon, tomato, tomato ketchup (Heinz) and potato. These were then allowed to dry on the material before dampening the stain with distilled water. This was repeated three times and also repeated after 3 days when it had more time to dry.With a fresh bay window of false positives, horseradish, bleach, ketchup and tomato were re tested to see if they reacted to the new Kastle Meyers and Leucomalachite green solutions.Once the false positives were established such as the use of bleach, then sodium thiosulph ate and Ascorbic acid were added to the stains to see if they affected the tests and gave a new negative reaction.Sodium thiosulphate was made up using 0.25g of Sodium Thiosulphate and 5ml of water and mixed to make a 5% solution, the crystals were stirred and the remaining solution was colourlessAscorbic acid was made up using 0.25g of ascorbic acid in 10ml of water, this was then stirred and gives a clear solution.Firstly, a sterile was dipped into bleach and a few drops of the leucomalachite green were applied using a disposable sterile pipette each time, the colour change was then observed. Once this was established another swab was dipped into bleach but this time sodium thiosulphate was first added to the swab, (again using a disposable sterile swab) the sodium thiosulphate was applied all the way around the swab to ensure all areas were covered. In addition, lecucomalachite green was then pipetted onto the swab and observed for a colour change, the same thing was then repeate d using ascorbic acid. The swab was held up against a white background to see if It had a slight reaction or not. It was tried with pure bleach and diluted bleach to see if the reactions were the same. The neutralising agents were also used with pure blood to see if it reacted the same with blood and caused a colour change, hydrogen peroxide was added to the pure blood stain. This was to determine whether or not it is a true false positive or not.The next stage was to repeat the following steps using Kastle -Meyers on pure bleach and diluted bleach.In addition, to determine whether or not the false positives worked on all peroxides, both Ascorbic acid and Sodium Thiosulphate were also used on horseradish, in an attempt to neutralise it, this was repeated three times.ResultsFirstly, a positive and negative control were taken to ensure a positive result was obtained for pure blood and a negative result for water, indicating there was no contamination.A resultant dilution was made for the Kastle-Meyers to determine the level of sensitivity. It was measured to a 1 in 100,000 dilution as this is the results obtained from previous literature as to the level of sensitivity. Table 1 shows the transport of the colour change from the dilution of blood, this was repeated three times.Table 1 a table to show the level of sensitivity of the Kastle-Meyers solutionDilution factor adopt 1Repeat 2Repeat 3X10Bright pinkBright PinkBright PinkX100PositivePositivePositiveX1,000PositivePositivePositiveX10,000Faint pinkFaint pinkNoneX100,000NoneNoneNoneFalse positives were first tested on denim to see if they reacted. The blood sample was placed onto the denim material first this was to determine whether the Kastle-Meyers kit was working correctly. The results of the false positives can be seen in table 2, each sample was firstly loaded onto the swab and the denim material, this was too see if there was a difference between the two methods. The highlighted results in table two show the false positives which differed on the denim and the swab. Table 2 shows the first experiment to test for false positives comparing it to the reaction it had on denim.Table 2 false positives using Kastle-Meyers on denim and directly to swab, with* meaning inconclusive result as it is the same colour in which the test kit changes, the samples reacted after 5 mins of the addition of Kastle-Meyers reagentFalse positiveNegative/positive reaction on denim materialAdded directly to swabHorse Radish infrastructureBleach(Sodium Hypochlorite)+Red onionPotatoTomato sauce+Red OnionLemon+Tomato*Red radishLeucomalachite green was also tested for its sensitivity of bloodThis was then tested on pure blood with the addition of hydrogen peroxide. This was to check if the solution made up gives a blue-green colour change. Table 3 shown below shows a serial dilution for Leucomalachite green, the serial dilution was performed in the same way as in the Kastle-Meyers test and the colour change and effectiveness of the change was recordedTable 3 a table to show the dilution factor of Leucomalachite green after the addition of hydrogen peroxideDilution factorRepeat 1Repeat 2Repeat3X10Strong TurquoiseStrong TurquoiseStrong TurquoiseX100Blue green descend Blue-greenBlue-greenX1,000Light Blue-greenFaint Blue-greenLight Blue-greenX10,000No reactionNo reactionNo reactionX100,000No reactionNo reactionNo reactionTable 4 shows the false positives on the denim material and direct application to the swab, the first repeat the same method applied as that in Leucomalachite greenTable 4 false positives using denim material and direct application to the swab, this shows the first attempt using Leucomalachite greenFalse positiveNegative/positive reaction on denim materialAdded directly to swabHorse Radish root+Bleach(Sodium Hypochlorite)+Red onionPotatoTomato sauceRed OnionLemonTomatoRed radishA fresh set of Known false positives were then used, this was tested with both Kastle Meyers and Le ucomalachite green respectively, this is shown in table 5 and 6, each one was tested three times and the reaction and the intensity of the reaction are shown. This time instant colour changes were recorded, using a new Kastle- Meyers test Kit, this was done under a fume hood. This time a diluted bleach sample was used to see if it affected the results of bleach.Table 5 False positives tested using Kastle -Meyers where + means a positive reaction and is a negative reaction, instant(prenominal) resultsFalse positiveRepeat 1Repeat 2Repeat 3Horseradish+ strong pink+ pink+ strong pinkTomatoTomato KetchupBleach+ Strong Pink+strong Pink+ Strong PinkDiluted bleach+ weak pink+ pink+ weak pinkTable 6 false positives tested using Leucomalachite green where + indicates a positive reaction and indicates a negative reaction instantaneousFalse positiveRepeat 1Repeat 2Repeat 3Horseradish+ light green+ light green+ dark greenTomatoTomato KetchupBleach+ Strong blue/green+strong green+ Strong green Diluted bleach+ strong green+ strong green+ strong greenTable 7 shows the neutralisation of the false positives identified in table 5 and 6 using ascorbic acid and thiosulphateTable 7 neutralising agents of the false positives for both Kastle-Meyers and Leucomalachite green. where + indicates a positive reaction (colour change) and indicates a negative reaction (no colour change)False positiveKastle- MeyersLeucomalachite greenSodium thiosulphateAscorbic acidSodium thiosulphateAscorbic acidHorse radish++Bleach+++Diluted bleachDiscussion The test was repeated three times to see if the results were the same each time. Kastle -Meyers has a level of sensitivity up to 1 in 100,000. This was found to be the level of sensitivity by other authors. Blood was diluted with water this was not only to test the level of sensitivity but blood is likely to be cleaned up with water of some kind.Leucomalachite green is not as widely used as Kastle-Meyers, as it has a lower level of sensitivityThis w as diluted in blood to check its level of sensitivity it got a reaction up to 1 in 1,000 rather than 1 in 10,000 as suggested by other literature reports.Denim material had ketchup, tomato, horseradish and blood added to it, however, it did not yield any results as the false positives did not change colour with the addition to lecuomalachite green. Bleach was tested with lecuomalchite green, this gave an instant colour change, bleach was then diluted in water to see if watered down bleach gave the same effect and this also gave a positive reaction.Sodium thiosulphate neutralised the effect of bleach as the reaction was barely visible using the Leucomalachite green, however, the ascorbic acid worked but not as well as the thiosulphate. This is because it was hard to class whether the entire swab had been neutralised as it appeared a very faint green colour around the sides, compared to other swabs which appeared unaffected by the neutralising agent chosen. It was only tested on the bleach and horse radish because they were the only substances which had given a false positive reaction,None of the substances on denim gave a false positive, this leads to further research into indigo dye as a neutraliser.